Rainfall Modifies the Disturbance Effects on Regulating Ecosystem Services in Tropical Forests of Bangladesh
Tropical forests are critical for ecosystem functioning and are the major provider of global ecosystem services. The combined effects of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances in the tropics, however, have caused a mass decline in major ecosystem services in recent decades. Nevertheless, most...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/272 |
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| author | Fahmida Sultana Mohammed A. S. Arfin-Khan Md Rezaul Karim Sharif A. Mukul |
| author_facet | Fahmida Sultana Mohammed A. S. Arfin-Khan Md Rezaul Karim Sharif A. Mukul |
| author_sort | Fahmida Sultana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tropical forests are critical for ecosystem functioning and are the major provider of global ecosystem services. The combined effects of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances in the tropics, however, have caused a mass decline in major ecosystem services in recent decades. Nevertheless, most previous studies focused entirely on these disturbances’ effects on forest ecosystem services without taking into consideration the combined effects of climate change and disturbances on key ecosystem services’ indicators. This is more pronounced in Bangladesh, which is one of the countries most adversely affected by global climate change. We investigated anthropogenic disturbances’ effects on regulating ecosystem services under different rainfall regimes in Khadimnagar National Park (KNP) and Satchari National Park (SNP), two major forested, protected areas in Northeast Bangladesh. We considered twelve indicators for five aboveground ecosystem services (i.e., primary production, carbon storage, biodiversity, wildlife habitat, and timber production) and four indicators for four belowground ecosystem services (i.e., organic carbon storage, soil aggregate stability, soil physical support, and soil water regulation) in our study. The effects of disturbances on the indicators of four aboveground ecosystem services (i.e., primary production, tree carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, and timber production) and one belowground ecosystem service (soil physical support) differed in terms of rainfall regimes. Disturbances negatively influenced indicators of primary production (<i>p</i> = 0.03, <i>r</i> = −0.28), tree carbon storage (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>r</i> = −0.29), and timber production (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>r</i> = −0.39), and positively impacted soil organic carbon storage (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>r</i> = 0.27) only under a medium-rainfall regime. Interestingly, a significant positive impact of disturbances on soil physical support (<i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>r</i> = 0.39) was observed under heavy rainfall in our study. In addition, disturbances were significantly associated with biodiversity conservation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and wildlife habitat quality (<i>p</i> < 0.05) under both rainfall classes. Our findings provide critical insights into the synergistic role of anthropogenic perturbations in regulating ecosystem services with rainfall pattern as a key climatic parameter, which can be useful in restoring large tracts of degraded tropical forests in the United Nations (UN) Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:48:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7273259811394fef8ecc0d83335b6300 |
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| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:48:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-7273259811394fef8ecc0d83335b63002023-11-16T20:33:41ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-01-0114227210.3390/f14020272Rainfall Modifies the Disturbance Effects on Regulating Ecosystem Services in Tropical Forests of BangladeshFahmida Sultana0Mohammed A. S. Arfin-Khan1Md Rezaul Karim2Sharif A. Mukul3Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, BangladeshDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, BangladeshInstitute of Forestry and Conservation, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, CanadaTropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4556, AustraliaTropical forests are critical for ecosystem functioning and are the major provider of global ecosystem services. The combined effects of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances in the tropics, however, have caused a mass decline in major ecosystem services in recent decades. Nevertheless, most previous studies focused entirely on these disturbances’ effects on forest ecosystem services without taking into consideration the combined effects of climate change and disturbances on key ecosystem services’ indicators. This is more pronounced in Bangladesh, which is one of the countries most adversely affected by global climate change. We investigated anthropogenic disturbances’ effects on regulating ecosystem services under different rainfall regimes in Khadimnagar National Park (KNP) and Satchari National Park (SNP), two major forested, protected areas in Northeast Bangladesh. We considered twelve indicators for five aboveground ecosystem services (i.e., primary production, carbon storage, biodiversity, wildlife habitat, and timber production) and four indicators for four belowground ecosystem services (i.e., organic carbon storage, soil aggregate stability, soil physical support, and soil water regulation) in our study. The effects of disturbances on the indicators of four aboveground ecosystem services (i.e., primary production, tree carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, and timber production) and one belowground ecosystem service (soil physical support) differed in terms of rainfall regimes. Disturbances negatively influenced indicators of primary production (<i>p</i> = 0.03, <i>r</i> = −0.28), tree carbon storage (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>r</i> = −0.29), and timber production (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>r</i> = −0.39), and positively impacted soil organic carbon storage (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>r</i> = 0.27) only under a medium-rainfall regime. Interestingly, a significant positive impact of disturbances on soil physical support (<i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>r</i> = 0.39) was observed under heavy rainfall in our study. In addition, disturbances were significantly associated with biodiversity conservation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and wildlife habitat quality (<i>p</i> < 0.05) under both rainfall classes. Our findings provide critical insights into the synergistic role of anthropogenic perturbations in regulating ecosystem services with rainfall pattern as a key climatic parameter, which can be useful in restoring large tracts of degraded tropical forests in the United Nations (UN) Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/272ecosystem functionsregulating ecosystem servicesdisturbancerainfall patterntropical forest |
| spellingShingle | Fahmida Sultana Mohammed A. S. Arfin-Khan Md Rezaul Karim Sharif A. Mukul Rainfall Modifies the Disturbance Effects on Regulating Ecosystem Services in Tropical Forests of Bangladesh Forests ecosystem functions regulating ecosystem services disturbance rainfall pattern tropical forest |
| title | Rainfall Modifies the Disturbance Effects on Regulating Ecosystem Services in Tropical Forests of Bangladesh |
| title_full | Rainfall Modifies the Disturbance Effects on Regulating Ecosystem Services in Tropical Forests of Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | Rainfall Modifies the Disturbance Effects on Regulating Ecosystem Services in Tropical Forests of Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rainfall Modifies the Disturbance Effects on Regulating Ecosystem Services in Tropical Forests of Bangladesh |
| title_short | Rainfall Modifies the Disturbance Effects on Regulating Ecosystem Services in Tropical Forests of Bangladesh |
| title_sort | rainfall modifies the disturbance effects on regulating ecosystem services in tropical forests of bangladesh |
| topic | ecosystem functions regulating ecosystem services disturbance rainfall pattern tropical forest |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/272 |
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