Influence of Anthropogenic Sulfuric Acid on Different Lithological Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Budget: Examples from Southwest China
Accurate estimate of carbonate weathering and the related carbon sink flux induced by anthropogenic H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> is of great significance for improving understanding of the hydrogeochemical evolution and the global carbon cycle. Here, to quantitatively evaluate...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| author | Yincai Xie Yupei Hao Jun Li Yongli Guo Qiong Xiao Fen Huang |
| author_facet | Yincai Xie Yupei Hao Jun Li Yongli Guo Qiong Xiao Fen Huang |
| author_sort | Yincai Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accurate estimate of carbonate weathering and the related carbon sink flux induced by anthropogenic H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> is of great significance for improving understanding of the hydrogeochemical evolution and the global carbon cycle. Here, to quantitatively evaluate the influence of anthropogenic H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on different lithological carbonate weathering and the related carbon sink budget, karst spring water in the typical limestone and mixed limestone–dolomite catchments in Yaji and Beidiping affected by acid precipitation in southwest China were sampled monthly for the analysis of hydrochemical and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> characteristics. Results show for the period of sampling (August 2013 to December 2014) that the average contribution rates of atmospheric inputs and carbonate weathering to total dissolved cations are 2.24% and 97.8%, and 3.09% and 96.9% in Yaji and Beidiping, respectively. The δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> values (−17.0% to −14.7‰) and the [Ca<sup>2+</sup> + Mg<sup>2+</sup>]/[HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>] (0.98 to 1.25) and [Ca<sup>2+</sup> + Mg<sup>2+</sup>]/[HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>] (approximately 1) equivalent ratios of samples prove that H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> simultaneously participate in carbonate weathering. The contribution rates of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> to [Ca<sup>2+</sup> + Mg<sup>2+</sup>] and [HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>] produced by carbonate weathering in Yaji and Beidiping are 0–30% and 0–18%, and 0–37% and 0–23%, with average values of 14% and 7%, and 19% and 11%, respectively, suggesting that the influence of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on different lithological carbonate weathering is different. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> precipitation participating in carbonate weathering increases the weathering rate by 14–19%, whereas it decreases the flux of karst carbon sink by 7–11% in Southwest China. Therefore, anthropogenic acids have influenced the global carbon cycle and climate change by carbonate weathering due to the large karst areas in the world, and their influences on different lithological carbonate weathering should not be ignored in the regional and global carbon cycles in future studies. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7275be14d4bc4857861ba4e8c5cdcff02023-11-19T03:22:50ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-08-011516293310.3390/w15162933Influence of Anthropogenic Sulfuric Acid on Different Lithological Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Budget: Examples from Southwest ChinaYincai Xie0Yupei Hao1Jun Li2Yongli Guo3Qiong Xiao4Fen Huang5Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaAccurate estimate of carbonate weathering and the related carbon sink flux induced by anthropogenic H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> is of great significance for improving understanding of the hydrogeochemical evolution and the global carbon cycle. Here, to quantitatively evaluate the influence of anthropogenic H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on different lithological carbonate weathering and the related carbon sink budget, karst spring water in the typical limestone and mixed limestone–dolomite catchments in Yaji and Beidiping affected by acid precipitation in southwest China were sampled monthly for the analysis of hydrochemical and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> characteristics. Results show for the period of sampling (August 2013 to December 2014) that the average contribution rates of atmospheric inputs and carbonate weathering to total dissolved cations are 2.24% and 97.8%, and 3.09% and 96.9% in Yaji and Beidiping, respectively. The δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> values (−17.0% to −14.7‰) and the [Ca<sup>2+</sup> + Mg<sup>2+</sup>]/[HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>] (0.98 to 1.25) and [Ca<sup>2+</sup> + Mg<sup>2+</sup>]/[HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>] (approximately 1) equivalent ratios of samples prove that H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> simultaneously participate in carbonate weathering. The contribution rates of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> to [Ca<sup>2+</sup> + Mg<sup>2+</sup>] and [HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>] produced by carbonate weathering in Yaji and Beidiping are 0–30% and 0–18%, and 0–37% and 0–23%, with average values of 14% and 7%, and 19% and 11%, respectively, suggesting that the influence of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on different lithological carbonate weathering is different. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> precipitation participating in carbonate weathering increases the weathering rate by 14–19%, whereas it decreases the flux of karst carbon sink by 7–11% in Southwest China. Therefore, anthropogenic acids have influenced the global carbon cycle and climate change by carbonate weathering due to the large karst areas in the world, and their influences on different lithological carbonate weathering should not be ignored in the regional and global carbon cycles in future studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/16/2933chemical weatheringCO<sub>2</sub> consumptioncarbon cyclesulfuric acidhydrogeochemistrykarst |
| spellingShingle | Yincai Xie Yupei Hao Jun Li Yongli Guo Qiong Xiao Fen Huang Influence of Anthropogenic Sulfuric Acid on Different Lithological Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Budget: Examples from Southwest China Water chemical weathering CO<sub>2</sub> consumption carbon cycle sulfuric acid hydrogeochemistry karst |
| title | Influence of Anthropogenic Sulfuric Acid on Different Lithological Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Budget: Examples from Southwest China |
| title_full | Influence of Anthropogenic Sulfuric Acid on Different Lithological Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Budget: Examples from Southwest China |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Anthropogenic Sulfuric Acid on Different Lithological Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Budget: Examples from Southwest China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Anthropogenic Sulfuric Acid on Different Lithological Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Budget: Examples from Southwest China |
| title_short | Influence of Anthropogenic Sulfuric Acid on Different Lithological Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Budget: Examples from Southwest China |
| title_sort | influence of anthropogenic sulfuric acid on different lithological carbonate weathering and the related carbon sink budget examples from southwest china |
| topic | chemical weathering CO<sub>2</sub> consumption carbon cycle sulfuric acid hydrogeochemistry karst |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/16/2933 |
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