Modeling the Water and Nitrogen Management Practices in Paddy Fields with HYDRUS-1D
Rice production involves abundant water and fertilizer inputs and is prone to nitrogen (N) loss via surface runoff and leaching, resulting in agricultural diffuse pollution. Based on a two-season paddy field experiment in Jiangsu Province, China, field water and N dynamics and their balances were de...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/7/924 |
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| author | Kaiwen Chen Shuang’en Yu Tao Ma Jihui Ding Pingru He Yao Li Yan Dai Guangquan Zeng |
| author_facet | Kaiwen Chen Shuang’en Yu Tao Ma Jihui Ding Pingru He Yao Li Yan Dai Guangquan Zeng |
| author_sort | Kaiwen Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice production involves abundant water and fertilizer inputs and is prone to nitrogen (N) loss via surface runoff and leaching, resulting in agricultural diffuse pollution. Based on a two-season paddy field experiment in Jiangsu Province, China, field water and N dynamics and their balances were determined with the well-calibrated HYDRUS-1D model. Then, scenarios of different controlled drainage and N fertilizer applications were simulated using the HYDRUS-1D model to analyze the features and factors of N loss from paddy fields. Evapotranspiration and deep percolation were the two dominant losses of total water input over the two seasons, with an average loss of 50.9% and 38.8%, respectively. Additionally, gaseous loss of N from the whole soil column accounted for more than half of total N input on average, i.e., ammonia volatilization (17.5% on average for two seasons) and denitrification (39.7%), while the N uptake by rice accounted for 37.1% on average. The ratio of N loss via surface runoff to total N input exceeded 20% when the N fertilizer rate reached 300 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. More and longer rainwater storage in rice fields under controlled drainage reduced surface runoff losses but increased the risk of groundwater contamination by N leaching. Therefore, compared with raising the maximum ponding rainwater depth for controlled drainage, optimizing N fertilizer inputs may be more beneficial for controlling agricultural diffuse pollution by reducing N loss via surface runoff and leaching. The HYDRUS-1D model provides an approach for the quantitative decision-making process of sustainable agricultural water and N management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:50:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-727931326dbf4d1ab8b744465c534d64 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:50:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-727931326dbf4d1ab8b744465c534d642023-12-03T14:28:47ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-06-0112792410.3390/agriculture12070924Modeling the Water and Nitrogen Management Practices in Paddy Fields with HYDRUS-1DKaiwen Chen0Shuang’en Yu1Tao Ma2Jihui Ding3Pingru He4Yao Li5Yan Dai6Guangquan Zeng7College of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaRice production involves abundant water and fertilizer inputs and is prone to nitrogen (N) loss via surface runoff and leaching, resulting in agricultural diffuse pollution. Based on a two-season paddy field experiment in Jiangsu Province, China, field water and N dynamics and their balances were determined with the well-calibrated HYDRUS-1D model. Then, scenarios of different controlled drainage and N fertilizer applications were simulated using the HYDRUS-1D model to analyze the features and factors of N loss from paddy fields. Evapotranspiration and deep percolation were the two dominant losses of total water input over the two seasons, with an average loss of 50.9% and 38.8%, respectively. Additionally, gaseous loss of N from the whole soil column accounted for more than half of total N input on average, i.e., ammonia volatilization (17.5% on average for two seasons) and denitrification (39.7%), while the N uptake by rice accounted for 37.1% on average. The ratio of N loss via surface runoff to total N input exceeded 20% when the N fertilizer rate reached 300 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. More and longer rainwater storage in rice fields under controlled drainage reduced surface runoff losses but increased the risk of groundwater contamination by N leaching. Therefore, compared with raising the maximum ponding rainwater depth for controlled drainage, optimizing N fertilizer inputs may be more beneficial for controlling agricultural diffuse pollution by reducing N loss via surface runoff and leaching. The HYDRUS-1D model provides an approach for the quantitative decision-making process of sustainable agricultural water and N management.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/7/924water balancenitrogen balancepercolationsurface runoffleachingponding water |
| spellingShingle | Kaiwen Chen Shuang’en Yu Tao Ma Jihui Ding Pingru He Yao Li Yan Dai Guangquan Zeng Modeling the Water and Nitrogen Management Practices in Paddy Fields with HYDRUS-1D Agriculture water balance nitrogen balance percolation surface runoff leaching ponding water |
| title | Modeling the Water and Nitrogen Management Practices in Paddy Fields with HYDRUS-1D |
| title_full | Modeling the Water and Nitrogen Management Practices in Paddy Fields with HYDRUS-1D |
| title_fullStr | Modeling the Water and Nitrogen Management Practices in Paddy Fields with HYDRUS-1D |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling the Water and Nitrogen Management Practices in Paddy Fields with HYDRUS-1D |
| title_short | Modeling the Water and Nitrogen Management Practices in Paddy Fields with HYDRUS-1D |
| title_sort | modeling the water and nitrogen management practices in paddy fields with hydrus 1d |
| topic | water balance nitrogen balance percolation surface runoff leaching ponding water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/7/924 |
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