Fractal Dimension Analyses to Detect Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Using Their Thin Brain Tissue Samples via Transmission Optical Microscopy
Biological tissues in nature are fractal due to their self-similarity and porosity properties. These properties change with the progress of some diseases, including brain tissue in leading neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, there is an unmet c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Biophysica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4125/3/4/39 |
| _version_ | 1797381807618916352 |
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| author | Ishmael Apachigawo Dhruvil Solanki Ruth Tate Himanshi Singh Mohammad Moshahid Khan Prabhakar Pradhan |
| author_facet | Ishmael Apachigawo Dhruvil Solanki Ruth Tate Himanshi Singh Mohammad Moshahid Khan Prabhakar Pradhan |
| author_sort | Ishmael Apachigawo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biological tissues in nature are fractal due to their self-similarity and porosity properties. These properties change with the progress of some diseases, including brain tissue in leading neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, there is an unmet clinical need to develop a tool for accurate and early diagnosis of AD and PD conditions. Although the whole brain tissues in AD and PD have been extensively studied, their local structural alterations at the nano-to-submicron levels have not been explored. In this paper, we measure the local structural alterations in different brain regions of AD and PD patients by measuring their change in fractal dimensions via optical microscopy. Our results show an increase in the fractal dimension value of ~5–10% in the affected regions of the brain tissues relative to their respective controls. For AD cases, the structural alteration is attributed to the aberrant deposition of amyloid beta protein and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, and for PD, the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons and abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain. The work will enhance the further understanding of alterations in the brain structures in AD and PD and its detection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:57:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-727cb275aa1f46f0a106af9da8439964 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4125 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:57:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biophysica |
| spelling | doaj.art-727cb275aa1f46f0a106af9da84399642023-12-22T13:56:12ZengMDPI AGBiophysica2673-41252023-10-013456958110.3390/biophysica3040039Fractal Dimension Analyses to Detect Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Using Their Thin Brain Tissue Samples via Transmission Optical MicroscopyIshmael Apachigawo0Dhruvil Solanki1Ruth Tate2Himanshi Singh3Mohammad Moshahid Khan4Prabhakar Pradhan5Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USABiological tissues in nature are fractal due to their self-similarity and porosity properties. These properties change with the progress of some diseases, including brain tissue in leading neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, there is an unmet clinical need to develop a tool for accurate and early diagnosis of AD and PD conditions. Although the whole brain tissues in AD and PD have been extensively studied, their local structural alterations at the nano-to-submicron levels have not been explored. In this paper, we measure the local structural alterations in different brain regions of AD and PD patients by measuring their change in fractal dimensions via optical microscopy. Our results show an increase in the fractal dimension value of ~5–10% in the affected regions of the brain tissues relative to their respective controls. For AD cases, the structural alteration is attributed to the aberrant deposition of amyloid beta protein and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, and for PD, the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons and abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain. The work will enhance the further understanding of alterations in the brain structures in AD and PD and its detection.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4125/3/4/39fractal dimensionoptical microscopyAlzheimer’s diseaseParkinson’s diseaseneurodisorder |
| spellingShingle | Ishmael Apachigawo Dhruvil Solanki Ruth Tate Himanshi Singh Mohammad Moshahid Khan Prabhakar Pradhan Fractal Dimension Analyses to Detect Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Using Their Thin Brain Tissue Samples via Transmission Optical Microscopy Biophysica fractal dimension optical microscopy Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease neurodisorder |
| title | Fractal Dimension Analyses to Detect Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Using Their Thin Brain Tissue Samples via Transmission Optical Microscopy |
| title_full | Fractal Dimension Analyses to Detect Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Using Their Thin Brain Tissue Samples via Transmission Optical Microscopy |
| title_fullStr | Fractal Dimension Analyses to Detect Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Using Their Thin Brain Tissue Samples via Transmission Optical Microscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fractal Dimension Analyses to Detect Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Using Their Thin Brain Tissue Samples via Transmission Optical Microscopy |
| title_short | Fractal Dimension Analyses to Detect Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Using Their Thin Brain Tissue Samples via Transmission Optical Microscopy |
| title_sort | fractal dimension analyses to detect alzheimer s and parkinson s diseases using their thin brain tissue samples via transmission optical microscopy |
| topic | fractal dimension optical microscopy Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease neurodisorder |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4125/3/4/39 |
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