Advances in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development
Toxoplasmosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, is one of the most damaging parasite-borne zoonotic diseases of global importance. While approximately one-third of the entire world’s population is estimated to be infected with <i>T. gondii</i>, an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/5/413 |
| _version_ | 1797536915074842624 |
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| author | Ki-Back Chu Fu-Shi Quan |
| author_facet | Ki-Back Chu Fu-Shi Quan |
| author_sort | Ki-Back Chu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxoplasmosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, is one of the most damaging parasite-borne zoonotic diseases of global importance. While approximately one-third of the entire world’s population is estimated to be infected with <i>T. gondii</i>, an effective vaccine for human use remains unavailable. Global efforts in pursuit of developing a <i>T. gondii</i> vaccine have been ongoing for decades, and novel innovative approaches have been introduced to aid this process. A wide array of vaccination strategies have been conducted to date including, but not limited to, nucleic acids, protein subunits, attenuated vaccines, and nanoparticles, which have been assessed in rodents with promising results. Yet, translation of these in vivo results into clinical studies remains a major obstacle that needs to be overcome. In this review, we will aim to summarize the current advances in <i>T. gondii</i> vaccine strategies and address the challenges hindering vaccine development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:07:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72870e104e4341689ecb8a94992e2665 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:07:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-72870e104e4341689ecb8a94992e26652023-11-21T16:26:00ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-04-019541310.3390/vaccines9050413Advances in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine DevelopmentKi-Back Chu0Fu-Shi Quan1Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaMedical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaToxoplasmosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, is one of the most damaging parasite-borne zoonotic diseases of global importance. While approximately one-third of the entire world’s population is estimated to be infected with <i>T. gondii</i>, an effective vaccine for human use remains unavailable. Global efforts in pursuit of developing a <i>T. gondii</i> vaccine have been ongoing for decades, and novel innovative approaches have been introduced to aid this process. A wide array of vaccination strategies have been conducted to date including, but not limited to, nucleic acids, protein subunits, attenuated vaccines, and nanoparticles, which have been assessed in rodents with promising results. Yet, translation of these in vivo results into clinical studies remains a major obstacle that needs to be overcome. In this review, we will aim to summarize the current advances in <i>T. gondii</i> vaccine strategies and address the challenges hindering vaccine development.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/5/413<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>vaccineimmune responseprotection |
| spellingShingle | Ki-Back Chu Fu-Shi Quan Advances in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development Vaccines <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> vaccine immune response protection |
| title | Advances in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development |
| title_full | Advances in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development |
| title_fullStr | Advances in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development |
| title_short | Advances in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development |
| title_sort | advances in i toxoplasma gondii i vaccines current strategies and challenges for vaccine development |
| topic | <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> vaccine immune response protection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/5/413 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kibackchu advancesinitoxoplasmagondiiivaccinescurrentstrategiesandchallengesforvaccinedevelopment AT fushiquan advancesinitoxoplasmagondiiivaccinescurrentstrategiesandchallengesforvaccinedevelopment |