Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae
Aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) and garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) have been recently reported to bear bioactive properties to stimulate plant growth and development and alter defense-related physiology. We, therefore, performed a bioassay to study these chemicals as possible biostimul...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321002438 |
| _version_ | 1818437738609770496 |
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| author | Muhammad Ali Husain Ahmad Sikandar Hayat Muhammad Imran Ghani Bakht Amin Muhammad Jawaad Atif Kashif Wali Zhihui Cheng |
| author_facet | Muhammad Ali Husain Ahmad Sikandar Hayat Muhammad Imran Ghani Bakht Amin Muhammad Jawaad Atif Kashif Wali Zhihui Cheng |
| author_sort | Muhammad Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) and garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) have been recently reported to bear bioactive properties to stimulate plant growth and development and alter defense-related physiology. We, therefore, performed a bioassay to study these chemicals as possible biostimulants for defense against Verticillium dahliae in eggplant seedlings. AGE and DADS were applied as a foliar application to the eggplants and samples were collected before and after pathogen inoculation at various intervals to analyze the defense mechanism. The obtained data revealed that with the application of AGE and DADS, the seedlings showed responses including activation of antioxidant enzymes, an abundance of chlorophyll contents, alteration of photosynthesis system, and accumulation of plant hormones compared to the control plants. Furthermore, the microscopic analysis of the AGE or DADS treated plants showed high variability in pathogen density within the root crown at 28 days post-inoculation. The low abundance of reactive oxygen species was noticed in AGE or DADS treated plants, which indicates that the plants were able to successfully encounter pathogen attacks. The AGE and DADS treated plants exhibited a lower disease severity index (32.4% and 24.8% vs 87.1% in controls), indicating successful defense against Verticillium infection. Our results were therefore among the first to address the biostimulatory effects of AGE or DADS to induce resistance in eggplant seedlings against V. dahliae and may be used to establish preparation for garlic-derived bioactive compounds to improve growth and defense responses of eggplants under-protected horticultural situations such as glasshouse or plastic tunnels system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:29:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72936db484744cc9b2d140a1d6d44994 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:29:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-72936db484744cc9b2d140a1d6d449942022-12-21T22:53:09ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132021-06-01215112132Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliaeMuhammad Ali0Husain Ahmad1Sikandar Hayat2Muhammad Imran Ghani3Bakht Amin4Muhammad Jawaad Atif5Kashif Wali6Zhihui Cheng7Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, PakistanDepartment of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Corresponding author.Aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) and garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) have been recently reported to bear bioactive properties to stimulate plant growth and development and alter defense-related physiology. We, therefore, performed a bioassay to study these chemicals as possible biostimulants for defense against Verticillium dahliae in eggplant seedlings. AGE and DADS were applied as a foliar application to the eggplants and samples were collected before and after pathogen inoculation at various intervals to analyze the defense mechanism. The obtained data revealed that with the application of AGE and DADS, the seedlings showed responses including activation of antioxidant enzymes, an abundance of chlorophyll contents, alteration of photosynthesis system, and accumulation of plant hormones compared to the control plants. Furthermore, the microscopic analysis of the AGE or DADS treated plants showed high variability in pathogen density within the root crown at 28 days post-inoculation. The low abundance of reactive oxygen species was noticed in AGE or DADS treated plants, which indicates that the plants were able to successfully encounter pathogen attacks. The AGE and DADS treated plants exhibited a lower disease severity index (32.4% and 24.8% vs 87.1% in controls), indicating successful defense against Verticillium infection. Our results were therefore among the first to address the biostimulatory effects of AGE or DADS to induce resistance in eggplant seedlings against V. dahliae and may be used to establish preparation for garlic-derived bioactive compounds to improve growth and defense responses of eggplants under-protected horticultural situations such as glasshouse or plastic tunnels system.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321002438Garlic allelochemicalsDefense primingEggplantV. dahliaePlant physiology |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Ali Husain Ahmad Sikandar Hayat Muhammad Imran Ghani Bakht Amin Muhammad Jawaad Atif Kashif Wali Zhihui Cheng Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Garlic allelochemicals Defense priming Eggplant V. dahliae Plant physiology |
| title | Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae |
| title_full | Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae |
| title_fullStr | Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae |
| title_short | Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae |
| title_sort | application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant solanum melongena against verticillium dahliae |
| topic | Garlic allelochemicals Defense priming Eggplant V. dahliae Plant physiology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321002438 |
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