Interaction between Grasses and <i>Epichloë</i> Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere
Cool-season grasses are the most common forage types in livestock operations and amenities. Several of the cool-season grasses establish mutualistic associations with an endophytic fungus of the <i>Epichloë</i> genus. The grasses and endophytic fungi have evolved over a long period of ti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2186 |
| _version_ | 1797509305755238400 |
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| author | Kendall Lee Ali Missaoui Kishan Mahmud Holly Presley Marin Lonnee |
| author_facet | Kendall Lee Ali Missaoui Kishan Mahmud Holly Presley Marin Lonnee |
| author_sort | Kendall Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cool-season grasses are the most common forage types in livestock operations and amenities. Several of the cool-season grasses establish mutualistic associations with an endophytic fungus of the <i>Epichloë</i> genus. The grasses and endophytic fungi have evolved over a long period of time to form host-fungus specific relationships that confer protection for the grass against various stressors in exchange for housing and nutrients to the fungus. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes and grasses interact, including molecular pathways for secondary metabolite production. It also outlines specific mechanisms by which the endophyte helps protect the plant from various abiotic and biotic stressors. Finally, the review provides information on how <i>Epichloë</i> infection of grass and stressors affect the rhizosphere environment of the plant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:15:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72993e81a93d477193fab8107c8eb673 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:15:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-72993e81a93d477193fab8107c8eb6732023-11-23T00:27:37ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-10-01911218610.3390/microorganisms9112186Interaction between Grasses and <i>Epichloë</i> Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the RhizosphereKendall Lee0Ali Missaoui1Kishan Mahmud2Holly Presley3Marin Lonnee4Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAInstitute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USACenter for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAInstitute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USACool-season grasses are the most common forage types in livestock operations and amenities. Several of the cool-season grasses establish mutualistic associations with an endophytic fungus of the <i>Epichloë</i> genus. The grasses and endophytic fungi have evolved over a long period of time to form host-fungus specific relationships that confer protection for the grass against various stressors in exchange for housing and nutrients to the fungus. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes and grasses interact, including molecular pathways for secondary metabolite production. It also outlines specific mechanisms by which the endophyte helps protect the plant from various abiotic and biotic stressors. Finally, the review provides information on how <i>Epichloë</i> infection of grass and stressors affect the rhizosphere environment of the plant.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2186endophyte<i>Epichloë</i>foragemechanismsstress |
| spellingShingle | Kendall Lee Ali Missaoui Kishan Mahmud Holly Presley Marin Lonnee Interaction between Grasses and <i>Epichloë</i> Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere Microorganisms endophyte <i>Epichloë</i> forage mechanisms stress |
| title | Interaction between Grasses and <i>Epichloë</i> Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere |
| title_full | Interaction between Grasses and <i>Epichloë</i> Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere |
| title_fullStr | Interaction between Grasses and <i>Epichloë</i> Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interaction between Grasses and <i>Epichloë</i> Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere |
| title_short | Interaction between Grasses and <i>Epichloë</i> Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere |
| title_sort | interaction between grasses and i epichloe i endophytes and its significance to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and the rhizosphere |
| topic | endophyte <i>Epichloë</i> forage mechanisms stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2186 |
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