A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks
With the various applications of the Internet of Things, research into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become increasingly important. However, because of their limited energy, the communication abilities of the wireless nodes distributed in the WSN are limited. The main task of WSNs is to collec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1564 |
| _version_ | 1797476690163662848 |
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| author | Bing Han Feng Ran Jiao Li Limin Yan Huaming Shen Ang Li |
| author_facet | Bing Han Feng Ran Jiao Li Limin Yan Huaming Shen Ang Li |
| author_sort | Bing Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the various applications of the Internet of Things, research into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become increasingly important. However, because of their limited energy, the communication abilities of the wireless nodes distributed in the WSN are limited. The main task of WSNs is to collect more data from targets in an energy-efficient way, because the battery replacement of large amounts of nodes is a labor-consuming work. Although the life of WSNs can be prolonged through energy-harvesting (EH) technology, it is necessary to design an energy-efficient routing protocol for the energy harvesting-based wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) as the nodes would be unavailable in the energy harvesting phase. A certain number of unavailable nodes would cause a coverage hole, thereby affecting the WSN’s monitoring function of the target environment. In this paper, an adaptive hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol for EH-WSNs (HCEH-UC) is proposed to achieve uninterrupted coverage of the target region through the distributed adjustment of the data transmission. Firstly, a hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol is proposed to balance the energy consumption of nodes. Then, a distributed alternation of working modes is proposed to adaptively control the number of nodes in the energy-harvesting mode, which could lead to uninterrupted target coverage. The simulation experimental results verify that the proposed HCEH-UC protocol can prolong the maximal lifetime coverage of WSNs compared with the conventional routing protocol and achieve uninterrupted target coverage using energy-harvesting technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:06:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72994901b8f04285b173ca4188bb2d83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:06:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-72994901b8f04285b173ca4188bb2d832023-11-23T22:01:30ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-02-01224156410.3390/s22041564A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor NetworksBing Han0Feng Ran1Jiao Li2Limin Yan3Huaming Shen4Ang Li5Department of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaShanghai Spaceflight Electronic Communication Equipment Research Institute, Shanghai 201109, ChinaThe College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, ChinaWith the various applications of the Internet of Things, research into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become increasingly important. However, because of their limited energy, the communication abilities of the wireless nodes distributed in the WSN are limited. The main task of WSNs is to collect more data from targets in an energy-efficient way, because the battery replacement of large amounts of nodes is a labor-consuming work. Although the life of WSNs can be prolonged through energy-harvesting (EH) technology, it is necessary to design an energy-efficient routing protocol for the energy harvesting-based wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) as the nodes would be unavailable in the energy harvesting phase. A certain number of unavailable nodes would cause a coverage hole, thereby affecting the WSN’s monitoring function of the target environment. In this paper, an adaptive hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol for EH-WSNs (HCEH-UC) is proposed to achieve uninterrupted coverage of the target region through the distributed adjustment of the data transmission. Firstly, a hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol is proposed to balance the energy consumption of nodes. Then, a distributed alternation of working modes is proposed to adaptively control the number of nodes in the energy-harvesting mode, which could lead to uninterrupted target coverage. The simulation experimental results verify that the proposed HCEH-UC protocol can prolong the maximal lifetime coverage of WSNs compared with the conventional routing protocol and achieve uninterrupted target coverage using energy-harvesting technology.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1564wireless sensor networkenergy harvestinghierarchical clustering algorithmenvironment adaptive routing protocoluninterrupted target coverage |
| spellingShingle | Bing Han Feng Ran Jiao Li Limin Yan Huaming Shen Ang Li A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors wireless sensor network energy harvesting hierarchical clustering algorithm environment adaptive routing protocol uninterrupted target coverage |
| title | A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | novel adaptive cluster based routing protocol for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks |
| topic | wireless sensor network energy harvesting hierarchical clustering algorithm environment adaptive routing protocol uninterrupted target coverage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1564 |
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