Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West Ethiopia
The tea plant is widely cultivated in southwest Ethiopia. But the impact of seasonal variation on monthly yield, leaf quality, and the long-term yield response potential of clones has not been studied. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of seasonal change and climate variables on...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023012586 |
| _version_ | 1797851854696087552 |
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| author | Tesfaye Benti Adugna Debela Yetenayet Bekele Sultan Suleman |
| author_facet | Tesfaye Benti Adugna Debela Yetenayet Bekele Sultan Suleman |
| author_sort | Tesfaye Benti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tea plant is widely cultivated in southwest Ethiopia. But the impact of seasonal variation on monthly yield, leaf quality, and the long-term yield response potential of clones has not been studied. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of seasonal change and climate variables on the yield and leaf quality of tea plants in southwest Ethiopia. The experiment consisted of five clones and four seasons under a split-plot design and was replicated three times. The results indicated that the yield and leaf quality showed significant variation in the different seasons at P < 0.05. The highest peak yields of 12.68, 12.59, and 11.3 kg plot−1 were recorded in May, June, and April, respectively, and the yield suddenly dropped by 5.1% in July. Then the soft banjhi increased by 5–10% in July. The yield response potential of clones is highly affected by monthly climate variation at P < 0.05. Clone BB-35 recorded the highest (18.8 kg plot−1) yield in June, followed by clones 11/4 (18.3) in May, 11/56 (14.7) in November, 6/8 (11.7) in December, and 12/38 (5.78 kg plot−1) in June. The lowest mean green leaf and a longer shoot replacement cycle were created due to a decrease in rainfall to 760 mm/month and rising temperatures above 26.35 °C in winter. The leaf phenological response of tea clones is strongly governed by the monthly temperature and suitable precipitation pattern of a season. The highlands have two harvesting seasons, i.e., a dry and a wet harvesting season. The dry harvesting season, which exists between the middle of December and March, accounts for 18.3–24.3% of the total annual yield. The wet harvesting season is subdivided further into two peak harvesting seasons. The first harvest is characterized by a short plucking round, and the highest peak yield occurs in April, May, and June, accounting for 40.22–42.2% of the total annual yield. The second wet harvesting season begins in September and ends in the middle of December, contributing to 35.5–40% of the annual yield. Seasonal variation has a direct impact on leaf quality and clone yielding potential. Clones show higher yield and shorter plucking rounds at maximum temperatures above 23.03 °C and below 26.35 °C, but temperatures above 28.34 °C and below 10.38 °C have a negative effect on leaf quality and yield. Over the last two decades, rainfall, maximum, and mean temperatures all increased by 16.09 mm y-1, 0.127 °C, and 0.0566 °C y−1, respectively, and the tea plant showed a strong correlation with maximum temperature (76%), whereas mean temperature (44.6%) and annual rainfall (32.8%) correlated weakly. Green leaf production is well explained by around 85.4% of the observed climate variance, with an increase of 1287.18 tonnes y−1, and highland tea production will exhibit a positive net benefit from expected climate change in the future. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:24:33Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-729be933add642ecb4eb1428d759325f2023-04-05T08:20:32ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-03-0193e14051Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West EthiopiaTesfaye Benti0Adugna Debela1Yetenayet Bekele2Sultan Suleman3Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture in Mizan Tepi University Southwest Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.Ethiopia Coffee and Tea Authority, Oromia, EthiopiaDepartment of Postharvest Management of Jimma University College of Agriculture, Oromia, EthiopiaJimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ) and School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Oromia, EthiopiaThe tea plant is widely cultivated in southwest Ethiopia. But the impact of seasonal variation on monthly yield, leaf quality, and the long-term yield response potential of clones has not been studied. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of seasonal change and climate variables on the yield and leaf quality of tea plants in southwest Ethiopia. The experiment consisted of five clones and four seasons under a split-plot design and was replicated three times. The results indicated that the yield and leaf quality showed significant variation in the different seasons at P < 0.05. The highest peak yields of 12.68, 12.59, and 11.3 kg plot−1 were recorded in May, June, and April, respectively, and the yield suddenly dropped by 5.1% in July. Then the soft banjhi increased by 5–10% in July. The yield response potential of clones is highly affected by monthly climate variation at P < 0.05. Clone BB-35 recorded the highest (18.8 kg plot−1) yield in June, followed by clones 11/4 (18.3) in May, 11/56 (14.7) in November, 6/8 (11.7) in December, and 12/38 (5.78 kg plot−1) in June. The lowest mean green leaf and a longer shoot replacement cycle were created due to a decrease in rainfall to 760 mm/month and rising temperatures above 26.35 °C in winter. The leaf phenological response of tea clones is strongly governed by the monthly temperature and suitable precipitation pattern of a season. The highlands have two harvesting seasons, i.e., a dry and a wet harvesting season. The dry harvesting season, which exists between the middle of December and March, accounts for 18.3–24.3% of the total annual yield. The wet harvesting season is subdivided further into two peak harvesting seasons. The first harvest is characterized by a short plucking round, and the highest peak yield occurs in April, May, and June, accounting for 40.22–42.2% of the total annual yield. The second wet harvesting season begins in September and ends in the middle of December, contributing to 35.5–40% of the annual yield. Seasonal variation has a direct impact on leaf quality and clone yielding potential. Clones show higher yield and shorter plucking rounds at maximum temperatures above 23.03 °C and below 26.35 °C, but temperatures above 28.34 °C and below 10.38 °C have a negative effect on leaf quality and yield. Over the last two decades, rainfall, maximum, and mean temperatures all increased by 16.09 mm y-1, 0.127 °C, and 0.0566 °C y−1, respectively, and the tea plant showed a strong correlation with maximum temperature (76%), whereas mean temperature (44.6%) and annual rainfall (32.8%) correlated weakly. Green leaf production is well explained by around 85.4% of the observed climate variance, with an increase of 1287.18 tonnes y−1, and highland tea production will exhibit a positive net benefit from expected climate change in the future.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023012586ClimateRainfallSeasonShoot replacementTemperature |
| spellingShingle | Tesfaye Benti Adugna Debela Yetenayet Bekele Sultan Suleman Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West Ethiopia Heliyon Climate Rainfall Season Shoot replacement Temperature |
| title | Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West Ethiopia |
| title_full | Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West Ethiopia |
| title_short | Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West Ethiopia |
| title_sort | effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone camellia sinensis l o kuntze in south west ethiopia |
| topic | Climate Rainfall Season Shoot replacement Temperature |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023012586 |
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