Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power Devices
This paper presents the behavioral modeling of three circuit architectures, which are suitable for heartbeat detection in wireless healthcare applications. The developed front-end models implement an analog system that detects the heartbeats for lower power consumption and higher detection accuracy...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10064257/ |
| _version_ | 1797861285286641664 |
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| author | Rafael Vieira Fabio Passos Ricardo Martins Nuno Horta Nuno Lourenco |
| author_facet | Rafael Vieira Fabio Passos Ricardo Martins Nuno Horta Nuno Lourenco |
| author_sort | Rafael Vieira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the behavioral modeling of three circuit architectures, which are suitable for heartbeat detection in wireless healthcare applications. The developed front-end models implement an analog system that detects the heartbeats for lower power consumption and higher detection accuracy without digital signal processing. Therefore, the circuit blocks and their critical specifications specifically regarding the noise and bandwidth are evaluated. The architectures are implemented in Verilog-A and their behavior simulations use real electrocardiogram (ECG) signals with different characteristics and conditions. All architectures have amplification, band-pass and notch response blocks as their first three stages. Then, the first circuit architecture detects the heartbeat using an adaptive threshold based on a pulse width approach. The second heartbeat detection scheme finds the maximum and minimum values of each beat using a sample-and-hold-based peak detector. The third model uses a similar peak detection scheme, but delays the analog signal for better precision. The simulation results show that all models can detect heartbeats when the input noise is less than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20 \mu V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the third having the highest noise tolerance of around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50 \mu V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For the ECG signal to maintain its characteristics with respect to its positive and negative peak, the bandpass response should present a low cutoff frequency below 10 Hz. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:00:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72a19701d207480784cd86581d43ca33 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:00:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-72a19701d207480784cd86581d43ca332023-03-23T23:00:34ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111273302734110.1109/ACCESS.2023.325516610064257Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power DevicesRafael Vieira0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-6577Fabio Passos1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5638-7377Ricardo Martins2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-1415Nuno Horta3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-1447Nuno Lourenco4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9625-6435Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, PortugalThis paper presents the behavioral modeling of three circuit architectures, which are suitable for heartbeat detection in wireless healthcare applications. The developed front-end models implement an analog system that detects the heartbeats for lower power consumption and higher detection accuracy without digital signal processing. Therefore, the circuit blocks and their critical specifications specifically regarding the noise and bandwidth are evaluated. The architectures are implemented in Verilog-A and their behavior simulations use real electrocardiogram (ECG) signals with different characteristics and conditions. All architectures have amplification, band-pass and notch response blocks as their first three stages. Then, the first circuit architecture detects the heartbeat using an adaptive threshold based on a pulse width approach. The second heartbeat detection scheme finds the maximum and minimum values of each beat using a sample-and-hold-based peak detector. The third model uses a similar peak detection scheme, but delays the analog signal for better precision. The simulation results show that all models can detect heartbeats when the input noise is less than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20 \mu V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the third having the highest noise tolerance of around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50 \mu V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For the ECG signal to maintain its characteristics with respect to its positive and negative peak, the bandpass response should present a low cutoff frequency below 10 Hz.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10064257/Analog front-endbehavioral modelinghealthcareheartbeat detectionverilog-A |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Vieira Fabio Passos Ricardo Martins Nuno Horta Nuno Lourenco Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power Devices IEEE Access Analog front-end behavioral modeling healthcare heartbeat detection verilog-A |
| title | Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power Devices |
| title_full | Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power Devices |
| title_fullStr | Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power Devices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power Devices |
| title_short | Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power Devices |
| title_sort | behavioral analysis of noise and bandwidth specifications of heartbeat detection circuits for ultra low power devices |
| topic | Analog front-end behavioral modeling healthcare heartbeat detection verilog-A |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10064257/ |
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