Bean Leaf Beetle (<em>Ootheca</em> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management via Planting Timing and Insecticides
Bean leaf beetles (<i>Ootheca</i> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are one of Africa’s most important pests of the common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.). Roots, leaves, floral parts, and young pods are all attacked, leading to a considerable loss in grain yield. In Ugan...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/709 |
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| author | Charles Halerimana Samuel Kyamanywa Samuel Olaboro Pamela Paparu Stanley T. Nkalubo John Colvin Robert A. Cheke Darren J. Kriticos Michael H. Otim |
| author_facet | Charles Halerimana Samuel Kyamanywa Samuel Olaboro Pamela Paparu Stanley T. Nkalubo John Colvin Robert A. Cheke Darren J. Kriticos Michael H. Otim |
| author_sort | Charles Halerimana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bean leaf beetles (<i>Ootheca</i> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are one of Africa’s most important pests of the common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.). Roots, leaves, floral parts, and young pods are all attacked, leading to a considerable loss in grain yield. In Uganda, there are no comprehensive prescribed management strategies for bean leaf beetles, but farmers typically try to control the pest by delaying bean crop sowing, and to a lesser extent, using insecticides. Although farmers have consistently implemented the two approaches, there is no information on the effects of the approaches in Uganda. To assess the impact of planting timing and insecticide spray regimes on bean leaf beetle populations, concomitant foliar damage, and grain yield, we set up trials in three agro-ecological zones with known presence of the beetles during the second rainy season of 2016 (2016) and the first rainy season of 2017 (2017). The first planting, coinciding with early planting, was conducted within one week after the onset of rains. The second planting, coinciding with mid planting, followed two weeks later, while the third planting, considered late planting in this study, was conducted one month after the second planting. A foliar application of cypermethrin commencing at 7 days after emergence (DAE), 14 DAE, 21 DAE, 28 DAE, and 35 DAE; a soil drench of imidacloprid at planting combined with a foliar spray starting at 7 DAE; and an untreated control were among the insecticide spray regimes evaluated. Higher bean leaf beetle abundance was recorded from mid-planting, while higher foliar damage was recorded from late planting in two of the three agro-ecological zones. However, higher marketable grain yield was recorded from early planting in all agro-ecological zones, suggesting that delayed planting may not be beneficial. Insecticide application reduced foliar damage and increased marketable grain yield, with a combination of soil drench and foliar spray resulting in much less foliar damage and, as a result, higher grain yield. However, this did not result in economic benefits. Furthermore, marketable grain yield was higher when insecticide spray regimes were combined with early planting in all agro-ecological zones during both seasons. Our findings suggest that the common bean should be planted early and that the control of the bean leaf beetle should target both the adults and the juvenile stages in the soil. Therefore, there is a need for farmers to be able to access less-expensive soil treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:55:24Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:55:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-72a6b83346924bf49962556608c76bae2023-12-01T23:49:27ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-08-0113870910.3390/insects13080709Bean Leaf Beetle (<em>Ootheca</em> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management via Planting Timing and InsecticidesCharles Halerimana0Samuel Kyamanywa1Samuel Olaboro2Pamela Paparu3Stanley T. Nkalubo4John Colvin5Robert A. Cheke6Darren J. Kriticos7Michael H. Otim8Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, UgandaDepartment of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, UgandaNational Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, UgandaNational Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, UgandaNational Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, UgandaNatural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UKNatural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UKCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, GPO 1700, Canberra 2601, AustraliaNational Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, UgandaBean leaf beetles (<i>Ootheca</i> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are one of Africa’s most important pests of the common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.). Roots, leaves, floral parts, and young pods are all attacked, leading to a considerable loss in grain yield. In Uganda, there are no comprehensive prescribed management strategies for bean leaf beetles, but farmers typically try to control the pest by delaying bean crop sowing, and to a lesser extent, using insecticides. Although farmers have consistently implemented the two approaches, there is no information on the effects of the approaches in Uganda. To assess the impact of planting timing and insecticide spray regimes on bean leaf beetle populations, concomitant foliar damage, and grain yield, we set up trials in three agro-ecological zones with known presence of the beetles during the second rainy season of 2016 (2016) and the first rainy season of 2017 (2017). The first planting, coinciding with early planting, was conducted within one week after the onset of rains. The second planting, coinciding with mid planting, followed two weeks later, while the third planting, considered late planting in this study, was conducted one month after the second planting. A foliar application of cypermethrin commencing at 7 days after emergence (DAE), 14 DAE, 21 DAE, 28 DAE, and 35 DAE; a soil drench of imidacloprid at planting combined with a foliar spray starting at 7 DAE; and an untreated control were among the insecticide spray regimes evaluated. Higher bean leaf beetle abundance was recorded from mid-planting, while higher foliar damage was recorded from late planting in two of the three agro-ecological zones. However, higher marketable grain yield was recorded from early planting in all agro-ecological zones, suggesting that delayed planting may not be beneficial. Insecticide application reduced foliar damage and increased marketable grain yield, with a combination of soil drench and foliar spray resulting in much less foliar damage and, as a result, higher grain yield. However, this did not result in economic benefits. Furthermore, marketable grain yield was higher when insecticide spray regimes were combined with early planting in all agro-ecological zones during both seasons. Our findings suggest that the common bean should be planted early and that the control of the bean leaf beetle should target both the adults and the juvenile stages in the soil. Therefore, there is a need for farmers to be able to access less-expensive soil treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/709bean leaf beetlescommon bean<i>Ootheca</i> spp.planting timespray regimesfoliar damage |
| spellingShingle | Charles Halerimana Samuel Kyamanywa Samuel Olaboro Pamela Paparu Stanley T. Nkalubo John Colvin Robert A. Cheke Darren J. Kriticos Michael H. Otim Bean Leaf Beetle (<em>Ootheca</em> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management via Planting Timing and Insecticides Insects bean leaf beetles common bean <i>Ootheca</i> spp. planting time spray regimes foliar damage |
| title | Bean Leaf Beetle (<em>Ootheca</em> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management via Planting Timing and Insecticides |
| title_full | Bean Leaf Beetle (<em>Ootheca</em> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management via Planting Timing and Insecticides |
| title_fullStr | Bean Leaf Beetle (<em>Ootheca</em> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management via Planting Timing and Insecticides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bean Leaf Beetle (<em>Ootheca</em> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management via Planting Timing and Insecticides |
| title_short | Bean Leaf Beetle (<em>Ootheca</em> spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management via Planting Timing and Insecticides |
| title_sort | bean leaf beetle em ootheca em spp coleoptera chrysomelidae management via planting timing and insecticides |
| topic | bean leaf beetles common bean <i>Ootheca</i> spp. planting time spray regimes foliar damage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/709 |
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