Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray Drying
Laurel (<i>Laurus nobilis</i> L.) leaves are a rich source of polyphenols with the potential for use in functional foods, where the main obstacle is their low stability and bioavailability, which can be improved by spray drying (SD). This research examined the influence of SD parameters,...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/9/1923 |
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| author | Erika Dobroslavić Ivona Elez Garofulić Zoran Zorić Sandra Pedisić Marin Roje Verica Dragović-Uzelac |
| author_facet | Erika Dobroslavić Ivona Elez Garofulić Zoran Zorić Sandra Pedisić Marin Roje Verica Dragović-Uzelac |
| author_sort | Erika Dobroslavić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Laurel (<i>Laurus nobilis</i> L.) leaves are a rich source of polyphenols with the potential for use in functional foods, where the main obstacle is their low stability and bioavailability, which can be improved by spray drying (SD). This research examined the influence of SD parameters, including inlet temperature (120, 150, and 180 °C), carrier type (β-cyclodextrin (β-CD); β-CD + maltodextrin (MD) 50:50; β-CD + gum arabic (GA) 50:50), and sample:carrier ratio (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) on the physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, polyphenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of laurel leaf polyphenols. The highest encapsulation efficiency was achieved at a sample:carrier ratio 1:2 and the temperature of 180 °C by using either of the applied carriers. However, the application of β-CD + MD 50:50 ensured optimal solubility (55.10%), hygroscopicity (15.32%), and antioxidant capacity (ORAC 157.92 μmol Trolox equivalents per g of powder), while optimal moisture content (3.22%) was determined only by temperature, demanding conditions above 150 °C. A total of 29 polyphenols (dominantly flavonols) were identified in the obtained powders. SD encapsulation increased the bioaccessibility of laurel flavonols in comparison to the non-encapsulated extract by ~50% in the gastric and ~10% in the intestinal phase, especially for those powders produced with carrier mixtures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:18:09Z |
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| id | doaj.art-72a856adf05d431c922454d412013c1b |
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| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:18:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-72a856adf05d431c922454d412013c1b2023-11-17T22:56:42ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-05-01129192310.3390/foods12091923Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray DryingErika Dobroslavić0Ivona Elez Garofulić1Zoran Zorić2Sandra Pedisić3Marin Roje4Verica Dragović-Uzelac5Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaCentre for Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Petra Kasandrića 3, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaCentre for Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Petra Kasandrića 3, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaRuder Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaurel (<i>Laurus nobilis</i> L.) leaves are a rich source of polyphenols with the potential for use in functional foods, where the main obstacle is their low stability and bioavailability, which can be improved by spray drying (SD). This research examined the influence of SD parameters, including inlet temperature (120, 150, and 180 °C), carrier type (β-cyclodextrin (β-CD); β-CD + maltodextrin (MD) 50:50; β-CD + gum arabic (GA) 50:50), and sample:carrier ratio (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) on the physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, polyphenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of laurel leaf polyphenols. The highest encapsulation efficiency was achieved at a sample:carrier ratio 1:2 and the temperature of 180 °C by using either of the applied carriers. However, the application of β-CD + MD 50:50 ensured optimal solubility (55.10%), hygroscopicity (15.32%), and antioxidant capacity (ORAC 157.92 μmol Trolox equivalents per g of powder), while optimal moisture content (3.22%) was determined only by temperature, demanding conditions above 150 °C. A total of 29 polyphenols (dominantly flavonols) were identified in the obtained powders. SD encapsulation increased the bioaccessibility of laurel flavonols in comparison to the non-encapsulated extract by ~50% in the gastric and ~10% in the intestinal phase, especially for those powders produced with carrier mixtures.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/9/1923laurelpolyphenolsmicroencapsulationspray dryingbioaccessibilityantioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Erika Dobroslavić Ivona Elez Garofulić Zoran Zorić Sandra Pedisić Marin Roje Verica Dragović-Uzelac Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray Drying Foods laurel polyphenols microencapsulation spray drying bioaccessibility antioxidant activity |
| title | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray Drying |
| title_full | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray Drying |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray Drying |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray Drying |
| title_short | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray Drying |
| title_sort | physicochemical properties antioxidant capacity and bioavailability of i laurus nobilis i l leaf polyphenolic extracts microencapsulated by spray drying |
| topic | laurel polyphenols microencapsulation spray drying bioaccessibility antioxidant activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/9/1923 |
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