Pain-Related Coping Behavior in ALS: The Interplay between Maladaptive Coping, the Patient’s Affective State and Pain
Background: Pain is a common symptom in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Coping plays a central role in adjustment to pain. Objective: This study evaluates the use of different pain coping strategies in patients with ALS and investigates the interplay of maladaptive coping, and the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/944 |
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| author | Ina Schlichte Susanne Petri Reinhard Dengler Thomas Meyer Aiden Haghikia Stefan Vielhaber Susanne Vogt |
| author_facet | Ina Schlichte Susanne Petri Reinhard Dengler Thomas Meyer Aiden Haghikia Stefan Vielhaber Susanne Vogt |
| author_sort | Ina Schlichte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Pain is a common symptom in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Coping plays a central role in adjustment to pain. Objective: This study evaluates the use of different pain coping strategies in patients with ALS and investigates the interplay of maladaptive coping, and the patient’s affective state and pain. Methods: One hundred and fifty ALS patients from three German outpatient clinics completed the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the ALS-Functional Rating Scale-Extension (ALSFRS-EX), the ALS Depression Inventory (ADI-12), the subscale “emotional functioning” of the ALS Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40) and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). Based upon the results of correlational analyses, multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of pain severity and to explore factors contributing to maladaptive coping. Results: Pain was prevalent in 56% (<i>n</i> = 84) of the patients. Patients applied different adaptive coping strategies as well as the maladaptive strategy “catastrophizing”. Regression analysis indicated that the CSQ-subscale “catastrophizing” significantly predicted pain intensity, explaining 34.0% of the variance (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Pain-related catastrophizing was associated with higher pain-related functional impairments and worse emotional functioning. The ADI-12 sum score as an indicator for depressive symptoms contributed significantly to the maladaptive coping strategy “catastrophizing” (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and explained 40.8% of the variance. Conclusion: Patients with ALS apply different strategies to cope with pain. Catastrophizing is an important determinant of higher pain intensity ratings and is associated with higher pain interferences and decreased emotional well-being. Pain-related catastrophizing is promoted by depressive symptoms. Catastrophizing and depressive symptoms thus represent important targets of individualized pain-management strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:42:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72ad85f38469444a9a5637c4b19b8aff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:42:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-72ad85f38469444a9a5637c4b19b8aff2023-11-23T20:29:16ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-02-0111494410.3390/jcm11040944Pain-Related Coping Behavior in ALS: The Interplay between Maladaptive Coping, the Patient’s Affective State and PainIna Schlichte0Susanne Petri1Reinhard Dengler2Thomas Meyer3Aiden Haghikia4Stefan Vielhaber5Susanne Vogt6Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, GermanyCenter for ALS and Other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, GermanyBackground: Pain is a common symptom in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Coping plays a central role in adjustment to pain. Objective: This study evaluates the use of different pain coping strategies in patients with ALS and investigates the interplay of maladaptive coping, and the patient’s affective state and pain. Methods: One hundred and fifty ALS patients from three German outpatient clinics completed the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the ALS-Functional Rating Scale-Extension (ALSFRS-EX), the ALS Depression Inventory (ADI-12), the subscale “emotional functioning” of the ALS Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40) and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). Based upon the results of correlational analyses, multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of pain severity and to explore factors contributing to maladaptive coping. Results: Pain was prevalent in 56% (<i>n</i> = 84) of the patients. Patients applied different adaptive coping strategies as well as the maladaptive strategy “catastrophizing”. Regression analysis indicated that the CSQ-subscale “catastrophizing” significantly predicted pain intensity, explaining 34.0% of the variance (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Pain-related catastrophizing was associated with higher pain-related functional impairments and worse emotional functioning. The ADI-12 sum score as an indicator for depressive symptoms contributed significantly to the maladaptive coping strategy “catastrophizing” (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and explained 40.8% of the variance. Conclusion: Patients with ALS apply different strategies to cope with pain. Catastrophizing is an important determinant of higher pain intensity ratings and is associated with higher pain interferences and decreased emotional well-being. Pain-related catastrophizing is promoted by depressive symptoms. Catastrophizing and depressive symptoms thus represent important targets of individualized pain-management strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/944amyotrophic lateral sclerosismotor neuron diseasepainpain copingdepressive symptoms |
| spellingShingle | Ina Schlichte Susanne Petri Reinhard Dengler Thomas Meyer Aiden Haghikia Stefan Vielhaber Susanne Vogt Pain-Related Coping Behavior in ALS: The Interplay between Maladaptive Coping, the Patient’s Affective State and Pain Journal of Clinical Medicine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neuron disease pain pain coping depressive symptoms |
| title | Pain-Related Coping Behavior in ALS: The Interplay between Maladaptive Coping, the Patient’s Affective State and Pain |
| title_full | Pain-Related Coping Behavior in ALS: The Interplay between Maladaptive Coping, the Patient’s Affective State and Pain |
| title_fullStr | Pain-Related Coping Behavior in ALS: The Interplay between Maladaptive Coping, the Patient’s Affective State and Pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pain-Related Coping Behavior in ALS: The Interplay between Maladaptive Coping, the Patient’s Affective State and Pain |
| title_short | Pain-Related Coping Behavior in ALS: The Interplay between Maladaptive Coping, the Patient’s Affective State and Pain |
| title_sort | pain related coping behavior in als the interplay between maladaptive coping the patient s affective state and pain |
| topic | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neuron disease pain pain coping depressive symptoms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/944 |
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