Antiepileptic Effect of Neuroaid<sup>®</sup> on Strychnine-Induced Convulsions in Mice
NeuroAid II, a folk Chinese Medicine, is currently used in Asia for the treatment of stroke. An experimental study demonstrated that NeuroAid enables neuronal cells to be more resistant to glutamate toxicity. This research was constructed to evaluate the efficacy of NeuroAid in the prevention of epi...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| author | Ahmed Salim Mahmood Afaq M. Ammoo Mayssam Hussein Mohammed Ali Tiba M. Hameed Hany A. Al-Hussaniy Abdulla Amer Abbas Aljumaili Mohammed Hussein Alaa Al-Fallooji Ali Hakim Kadhim |
| author_facet | Ahmed Salim Mahmood Afaq M. Ammoo Mayssam Hussein Mohammed Ali Tiba M. Hameed Hany A. Al-Hussaniy Abdulla Amer Abbas Aljumaili Mohammed Hussein Alaa Al-Fallooji Ali Hakim Kadhim |
| author_sort | Ahmed Salim Mahmood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | NeuroAid II, a folk Chinese Medicine, is currently used in Asia for the treatment of stroke. An experimental study demonstrated that NeuroAid enables neuronal cells to be more resistant to glutamate toxicity. This research was constructed to evaluate the efficacy of NeuroAid in the prevention of epilepsy (EP). Forty healthy adult male mice were used and divided into four groups (10 mice/group): normal control group; positive control group; NeuroAid-treated group (10 mg/kg); topiramate-treated group (10 mg/kg). The treatment continued for 7 days, and on the last day, EP was induced using strychnine at a dose of 2 mg/kg via intraperitoneal (ip) administration. Seizure severity, latency to the seizure onset, the number of seizures, and the duration of each seizure episode were observed for one hour. The death and protection rates over the next twenty-four hours were recorded. Brain specimens from surviving animals were extracted and examined pathologically for quantification of glutamate receptor (GluR) gene expression in the isolated hippocampus employing real-time PCR analysis. Treatment with NeuroAid resulted in a significant reduction in seizure severity, prolonged the onset of seizures, decreased the number and duration of episodes, reduced brain insult, and decreased mortality rate. Reductions in the gene expression of GluRs in the hippocampus with minor histopathological changes were observed in the NeruoAid- and topiramate-treated groups. It is concluded that NeuroAid has a potential antiepileptic effect (EP) with the ability to prevent convulsion through its effect on the glutamate receptor. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:59:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-72b7c06861b549cabf81a7e0285d30842023-11-24T17:15:41ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472022-11-011512146810.3390/ph15121468Antiepileptic Effect of Neuroaid<sup>®</sup> on Strychnine-Induced Convulsions in MiceAhmed Salim Mahmood0Afaq M. Ammoo1Mayssam Hussein Mohammed Ali2Tiba M. Hameed3Hany A. Al-Hussaniy4Abdulla Amer Abbas Aljumaili5Mohammed Hussein Alaa Al-Fallooji6Ali Hakim Kadhim7Department of Pharmacy, Al-Rasheed University, Baghdad 10001, IraqDepartment of Pharmacy, Al-Rasheed University, Baghdad 10001, IraqDepartment of Pharmacy, Al-Rasheed University, Baghdad 10001, IraqDepartment of Pharmacy, Al-Rasheed University, Baghdad 10001, IraqDepartment of Pharmacy, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala 32001, IraqBaghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City Directory, Baghdad 10001, IraqCollege of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10001, IraqDepartment of Pharmacy, Al-Rasheed University, Baghdad 10001, IraqNeuroAid II, a folk Chinese Medicine, is currently used in Asia for the treatment of stroke. An experimental study demonstrated that NeuroAid enables neuronal cells to be more resistant to glutamate toxicity. This research was constructed to evaluate the efficacy of NeuroAid in the prevention of epilepsy (EP). Forty healthy adult male mice were used and divided into four groups (10 mice/group): normal control group; positive control group; NeuroAid-treated group (10 mg/kg); topiramate-treated group (10 mg/kg). The treatment continued for 7 days, and on the last day, EP was induced using strychnine at a dose of 2 mg/kg via intraperitoneal (ip) administration. Seizure severity, latency to the seizure onset, the number of seizures, and the duration of each seizure episode were observed for one hour. The death and protection rates over the next twenty-four hours were recorded. Brain specimens from surviving animals were extracted and examined pathologically for quantification of glutamate receptor (GluR) gene expression in the isolated hippocampus employing real-time PCR analysis. Treatment with NeuroAid resulted in a significant reduction in seizure severity, prolonged the onset of seizures, decreased the number and duration of episodes, reduced brain insult, and decreased mortality rate. Reductions in the gene expression of GluRs in the hippocampus with minor histopathological changes were observed in the NeruoAid- and topiramate-treated groups. It is concluded that NeuroAid has a potential antiepileptic effect (EP) with the ability to prevent convulsion through its effect on the glutamate receptor.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/12/1468NeuroAidepilepsyglutamate receptorgene expressiontopiramatestrychnine |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Salim Mahmood Afaq M. Ammoo Mayssam Hussein Mohammed Ali Tiba M. Hameed Hany A. Al-Hussaniy Abdulla Amer Abbas Aljumaili Mohammed Hussein Alaa Al-Fallooji Ali Hakim Kadhim Antiepileptic Effect of Neuroaid<sup>®</sup> on Strychnine-Induced Convulsions in Mice Pharmaceuticals NeuroAid epilepsy glutamate receptor gene expression topiramate strychnine |
| title | Antiepileptic Effect of Neuroaid<sup>®</sup> on Strychnine-Induced Convulsions in Mice |
| title_full | Antiepileptic Effect of Neuroaid<sup>®</sup> on Strychnine-Induced Convulsions in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Antiepileptic Effect of Neuroaid<sup>®</sup> on Strychnine-Induced Convulsions in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiepileptic Effect of Neuroaid<sup>®</sup> on Strychnine-Induced Convulsions in Mice |
| title_short | Antiepileptic Effect of Neuroaid<sup>®</sup> on Strychnine-Induced Convulsions in Mice |
| title_sort | antiepileptic effect of neuroaid sup r sup on strychnine induced convulsions in mice |
| topic | NeuroAid epilepsy glutamate receptor gene expression topiramate strychnine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/12/1468 |
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