Bap-Independent Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i>
The biofilm associated protein (Bap) is recognised as the essential component for biofilm formation in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> V329 and has been predicted as important for other species as well. Although Bap orthologs are also present in most <i>S. xylosus</i> strains, t...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/12/2610 |
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| author | Carolin J. Schiffer Miriam Abele Matthias A. Ehrmann Rudi F. Vogel |
| author_facet | Carolin J. Schiffer Miriam Abele Matthias A. Ehrmann Rudi F. Vogel |
| author_sort | Carolin J. Schiffer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The biofilm associated protein (Bap) is recognised as the essential component for biofilm formation in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> V329 and has been predicted as important for other species as well. Although Bap orthologs are also present in most <i>S. xylosus</i> strains, their contribution to biofilm formation has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, different experimental approaches were used to elucidate the effect of Bap on biofilm formation in <i>S. xylosus</i> and the motif structure of two biofilm-forming <i>S. xylosus</i> strains TMW 2.1023 and TMW 2.1523 was compared to Bap of <i>S. aureus</i> V329. We found that despite an identical structural arrangement into four regions, Bap from <i>S. xylosus</i> differs in key factors to Bap of <i>S. aureus</i>, i.e., isoelectric point of aggregation prone Region B, protein homology and type of repeats. Disruption of <i>bap</i> had no effect on aggregation behavior of selected <i>S. xylosus</i> strains and biofilm formation was unaffected (TMW 2.1023) or at best slightly reduced under neutral conditions (TMW 2.1523). Further, we could not observe any typical characteristics of a <i>S. aureus</i> Bap-positive phenotype such as functional impairment by calcium addition and rough colony morphology on congo red agar (CRA). A dominating role of Bap in cell aggregation and biofilm formation as reported mainly for <i>S. aureus</i> V329 was not observed. In contrast, this work demonstrates that functions of <i>S. aureus</i> Bap cannot easily be extrapolated to <i>S. xylosus</i> Bap, which appears as non-essential for biofilm formation in this species. We therefore suggest that biofilm formation in <i>S. xylosus</i> follows different and multifactorial mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:20Z |
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| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-72b99fddeeda4624aa453386a3e37a0d2023-11-23T09:40:37ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-12-01912261010.3390/microorganisms9122610Bap-Independent Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i>Carolin J. Schiffer0Miriam Abele1Matthias A. Ehrmann2Rudi F. Vogel3Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, GermanyBayerisches Zentrum für Biomolekulare Massenspektrometrie (BayBioMS), 85354 Freising, GermanyLehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, GermanyLehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, GermanyThe biofilm associated protein (Bap) is recognised as the essential component for biofilm formation in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> V329 and has been predicted as important for other species as well. Although Bap orthologs are also present in most <i>S. xylosus</i> strains, their contribution to biofilm formation has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, different experimental approaches were used to elucidate the effect of Bap on biofilm formation in <i>S. xylosus</i> and the motif structure of two biofilm-forming <i>S. xylosus</i> strains TMW 2.1023 and TMW 2.1523 was compared to Bap of <i>S. aureus</i> V329. We found that despite an identical structural arrangement into four regions, Bap from <i>S. xylosus</i> differs in key factors to Bap of <i>S. aureus</i>, i.e., isoelectric point of aggregation prone Region B, protein homology and type of repeats. Disruption of <i>bap</i> had no effect on aggregation behavior of selected <i>S. xylosus</i> strains and biofilm formation was unaffected (TMW 2.1023) or at best slightly reduced under neutral conditions (TMW 2.1523). Further, we could not observe any typical characteristics of a <i>S. aureus</i> Bap-positive phenotype such as functional impairment by calcium addition and rough colony morphology on congo red agar (CRA). A dominating role of Bap in cell aggregation and biofilm formation as reported mainly for <i>S. aureus</i> V329 was not observed. In contrast, this work demonstrates that functions of <i>S. aureus</i> Bap cannot easily be extrapolated to <i>S. xylosus</i> Bap, which appears as non-essential for biofilm formation in this species. We therefore suggest that biofilm formation in <i>S. xylosus</i> follows different and multifactorial mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/12/2610<i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i>knockoutBapbiofilmaggregation |
| spellingShingle | Carolin J. Schiffer Miriam Abele Matthias A. Ehrmann Rudi F. Vogel Bap-Independent Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> Microorganisms <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> knockout Bap biofilm aggregation |
| title | Bap-Independent Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> |
| title_full | Bap-Independent Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Bap-Independent Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bap-Independent Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> |
| title_short | Bap-Independent Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> |
| title_sort | bap independent biofilm formation in i staphylococcus xylosus i |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> knockout Bap biofilm aggregation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/12/2610 |
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