Photoacoustic Detection of Pollutants Emitted by Transportation System for Use in Automotive Industry
In photoacoustic spectroscopy, the signal is inversely proportional to the resonant cell volume. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is an absorption spectroscopy technique that is suitable for detecting gases at low concentrations. This desirable feature has created a growing interest in miniaturizing...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/8/526 |
| _version_ | 1797442642817056768 |
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| author | Reza Hadjiaghaie Vafaie Roya Shafiei Pour Ardashir Mohammadzadeh Jihad H. Asad Amir Mosavi |
| author_facet | Reza Hadjiaghaie Vafaie Roya Shafiei Pour Ardashir Mohammadzadeh Jihad H. Asad Amir Mosavi |
| author_sort | Reza Hadjiaghaie Vafaie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In photoacoustic spectroscopy, the signal is inversely proportional to the resonant cell volume. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is an absorption spectroscopy technique that is suitable for detecting gases at low concentrations. This desirable feature has created a growing interest in miniaturizing PA cells in recent years. In this paper, a simulation of a miniaturized H-type photoacoustic cell consisting of two buffer holes and a resonator was performed in order to detect CO, NH<sub>3</sub>, NO, and CH<sub>4</sub> pollutants. These gases are the main components of the air pollutants that are produced by the automotive industry. The linear forms of the continuity, Navier–Stokes equations, and the energy equation were solved using the finite element method in a gaseous medium. The generated pressure could be measured by a MEMS sensor. Photoacoustic spectroscopy has proven to be a sensitive method for detecting pollutant gases. The objectives of the measurements were: determining the proper position of the pressure gauge sensor; measuring the frequency response; measuring the frequency response changes at different temperatures; studying the local velocity at the resonant frequency; and calculating the quality factor. The acoustic quality coefficient, acoustic response (pressure), local velocity, frequency response, and the effect of different temperatures on the frequency response were investigated. A frequency response measurement represents the fact that different gases have different resonance frequencies, for which CO and NO gases had values of 23.131 kHz and 23.329 kHz, respectively. The difference between these gases was 200 Hz. NH<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> gases with values of 21.206 kHz and 21.106 kHz were separable with a difference of 100 Hz. In addition, CO and NO gases had a difference of 2000 Hz compared to NH<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, which indicates the characteristic fingerprint of the designed cell in the detection of different gases. Better access to high-frequency acoustic signals was the goal of the presented model in this paper. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:44:55Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:44:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-72bcc10225294973bc2b29c248886be62023-11-30T22:13:06ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322022-07-019852610.3390/photonics9080526Photoacoustic Detection of Pollutants Emitted by Transportation System for Use in Automotive IndustryReza Hadjiaghaie Vafaie0Roya Shafiei Pour1Ardashir Mohammadzadeh2Jihad H. Asad3Amir Mosavi4Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 55517-61167, IranDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 55517-61167, IranMultidisciplinary Center for Infrastructure Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Palestine Technical University, Tulkarm P.O. Box 7, PalestineJohn von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, HungaryIn photoacoustic spectroscopy, the signal is inversely proportional to the resonant cell volume. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is an absorption spectroscopy technique that is suitable for detecting gases at low concentrations. This desirable feature has created a growing interest in miniaturizing PA cells in recent years. In this paper, a simulation of a miniaturized H-type photoacoustic cell consisting of two buffer holes and a resonator was performed in order to detect CO, NH<sub>3</sub>, NO, and CH<sub>4</sub> pollutants. These gases are the main components of the air pollutants that are produced by the automotive industry. The linear forms of the continuity, Navier–Stokes equations, and the energy equation were solved using the finite element method in a gaseous medium. The generated pressure could be measured by a MEMS sensor. Photoacoustic spectroscopy has proven to be a sensitive method for detecting pollutant gases. The objectives of the measurements were: determining the proper position of the pressure gauge sensor; measuring the frequency response; measuring the frequency response changes at different temperatures; studying the local velocity at the resonant frequency; and calculating the quality factor. The acoustic quality coefficient, acoustic response (pressure), local velocity, frequency response, and the effect of different temperatures on the frequency response were investigated. A frequency response measurement represents the fact that different gases have different resonance frequencies, for which CO and NO gases had values of 23.131 kHz and 23.329 kHz, respectively. The difference between these gases was 200 Hz. NH<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> gases with values of 21.206 kHz and 21.106 kHz were separable with a difference of 100 Hz. In addition, CO and NO gases had a difference of 2000 Hz compared to NH<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, which indicates the characteristic fingerprint of the designed cell in the detection of different gases. Better access to high-frequency acoustic signals was the goal of the presented model in this paper.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/8/526automotive industrygas monitoringmesoscalephotoacoustic cellMEMSpollutants |
| spellingShingle | Reza Hadjiaghaie Vafaie Roya Shafiei Pour Ardashir Mohammadzadeh Jihad H. Asad Amir Mosavi Photoacoustic Detection of Pollutants Emitted by Transportation System for Use in Automotive Industry Photonics automotive industry gas monitoring mesoscale photoacoustic cell MEMS pollutants |
| title | Photoacoustic Detection of Pollutants Emitted by Transportation System for Use in Automotive Industry |
| title_full | Photoacoustic Detection of Pollutants Emitted by Transportation System for Use in Automotive Industry |
| title_fullStr | Photoacoustic Detection of Pollutants Emitted by Transportation System for Use in Automotive Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photoacoustic Detection of Pollutants Emitted by Transportation System for Use in Automotive Industry |
| title_short | Photoacoustic Detection of Pollutants Emitted by Transportation System for Use in Automotive Industry |
| title_sort | photoacoustic detection of pollutants emitted by transportation system for use in automotive industry |
| topic | automotive industry gas monitoring mesoscale photoacoustic cell MEMS pollutants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/8/526 |
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