Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor-specific modulations in movies.
Under typical daytime light levels, the human pupillary light response (PLR) is driven by the activity of the L, M, and S cones, and melanopsin expressed in the so-called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However, the importance of each of these photoreceptive mechanisms...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2019-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216307 |
| _version_ | 1818579762817269760 |
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| author | Manuel Spitschan Marina Gardasevic Franck P Martial Robert J Lucas Annette E Allen |
| author_facet | Manuel Spitschan Marina Gardasevic Franck P Martial Robert J Lucas Annette E Allen |
| author_sort | Manuel Spitschan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Under typical daytime light levels, the human pupillary light response (PLR) is driven by the activity of the L, M, and S cones, and melanopsin expressed in the so-called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However, the importance of each of these photoreceptive mechanisms in defining pupil size under real-world viewing conditions remains to be established. To address this question, we embedded photoreceptor-specific modulations in a movie displayed using a novel projector-based five-primary spatial stimulation system, which allowed for the precise control of photoreceptor activations in time and space. We measured the pupillary light response in eleven observers, who viewed short cartoon movies which contained hidden low-frequency (0.25 Hz) silent-substitution modulations of the L, M and S cones (no stimulation of melanopsin), melanopsin (no stimulation of L, M and S cones), both L, M, and S cones and melanopsin or no modulation at all. We find that all photoreceptors active at photopic light levels regulate pupil size under this condition. Our data imply that embedding modulations in photoreceptor contrast could provide a method to manipulate key adaptive aspects of the human visual system in everyday, real-world activities such as watching a movie. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:06:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72bd679b31b0469d80ac2820e416f308 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:06:52Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-72bd679b31b0469d80ac2820e416f3082022-12-21T22:40:01ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032019-01-01145e021630710.1371/journal.pone.0216307Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor-specific modulations in movies.Manuel SpitschanMarina GardasevicFranck P MartialRobert J LucasAnnette E AllenUnder typical daytime light levels, the human pupillary light response (PLR) is driven by the activity of the L, M, and S cones, and melanopsin expressed in the so-called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However, the importance of each of these photoreceptive mechanisms in defining pupil size under real-world viewing conditions remains to be established. To address this question, we embedded photoreceptor-specific modulations in a movie displayed using a novel projector-based five-primary spatial stimulation system, which allowed for the precise control of photoreceptor activations in time and space. We measured the pupillary light response in eleven observers, who viewed short cartoon movies which contained hidden low-frequency (0.25 Hz) silent-substitution modulations of the L, M and S cones (no stimulation of melanopsin), melanopsin (no stimulation of L, M and S cones), both L, M, and S cones and melanopsin or no modulation at all. We find that all photoreceptors active at photopic light levels regulate pupil size under this condition. Our data imply that embedding modulations in photoreceptor contrast could provide a method to manipulate key adaptive aspects of the human visual system in everyday, real-world activities such as watching a movie.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216307 |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Spitschan Marina Gardasevic Franck P Martial Robert J Lucas Annette E Allen Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor-specific modulations in movies. PLoS ONE |
| title | Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor-specific modulations in movies. |
| title_full | Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor-specific modulations in movies. |
| title_fullStr | Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor-specific modulations in movies. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor-specific modulations in movies. |
| title_short | Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor-specific modulations in movies. |
| title_sort | pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor specific modulations in movies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216307 |
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