Daily <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stage
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human populations that are naturally subjected to <it>Plasmodium </it>infection do not acquire complete protection against the liver stage of this parasite despite prolonged and frequent exposure. However, sterile immunit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2011-04-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/97 |
| _version_ | 1818568887192518656 |
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| author | Wong Kurt A Galan-Rodriguez Cristina Leitao Ricardo Pollock Tzvi Rodriguez Ana |
| author_facet | Wong Kurt A Galan-Rodriguez Cristina Leitao Ricardo Pollock Tzvi Rodriguez Ana |
| author_sort | Wong Kurt A |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human populations that are naturally subjected to <it>Plasmodium </it>infection do not acquire complete protection against the liver stage of this parasite despite prolonged and frequent exposure. However, sterile immunity against <it>Plasmodium </it>liver stage can be achieved after repeated exposure to radiation attenuated sporozoites. The reasons for this different response remain largely unknown, but a suppressive effect of blood stage <it>Plasmodium </it>infection has been proposed as a cause for the lack of liver stage protection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>17XNL, the response generated in mice subjected to daily infective bites from normal or irradiated mosquitoes was compared. The effect of daily-infected mosquito bites on mice that were previously immunized against <it>P. yoelii </it>liver stage was also studied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>It was observed that while the bites of normal infected mosquitoes do not generate strong antibody responses and protection, the bites of irradiated mosquitoes result in high levels of anti-sporozoite antibodies and protection against liver stage <it>Plasmodium </it>infection. Exposure to daily infected mosquito bites did not eliminate the protection acquired previously with a experimental liver stage vaccine.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Liver stage immunity generated by irradiated versus normal <it>P. yoelii </it>infected mosquitoes is essentially different, probably because of the blood stage infection that follows normal mosquito bites, but not irradiated. While infective mosquito bites do not induce a protective liver stage response, they also do not interfere with previously acquired liver stage protective responses, even if they induce a complete blood stage infection. Considering that the recently generated anti-malaria vaccines induce only partial protection against infection, it is encouraging that, at least in mouse models, immunity is not negatively affected by subsequent exposure and infection with the parasite.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T06:40:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72beb33e2a4841ed81bf45cc2c2ae51e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T06:40:57Z |
| publishDate | 2011-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-72beb33e2a4841ed81bf45cc2c2ae51e2022-12-21T23:13:13ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752011-04-011019710.1186/1475-2875-10-97Daily <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stageWong Kurt AGalan-Rodriguez CristinaLeitao RicardoPollock TzviRodriguez Ana<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human populations that are naturally subjected to <it>Plasmodium </it>infection do not acquire complete protection against the liver stage of this parasite despite prolonged and frequent exposure. However, sterile immunity against <it>Plasmodium </it>liver stage can be achieved after repeated exposure to radiation attenuated sporozoites. The reasons for this different response remain largely unknown, but a suppressive effect of blood stage <it>Plasmodium </it>infection has been proposed as a cause for the lack of liver stage protection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>17XNL, the response generated in mice subjected to daily infective bites from normal or irradiated mosquitoes was compared. The effect of daily-infected mosquito bites on mice that were previously immunized against <it>P. yoelii </it>liver stage was also studied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>It was observed that while the bites of normal infected mosquitoes do not generate strong antibody responses and protection, the bites of irradiated mosquitoes result in high levels of anti-sporozoite antibodies and protection against liver stage <it>Plasmodium </it>infection. Exposure to daily infected mosquito bites did not eliminate the protection acquired previously with a experimental liver stage vaccine.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Liver stage immunity generated by irradiated versus normal <it>P. yoelii </it>infected mosquitoes is essentially different, probably because of the blood stage infection that follows normal mosquito bites, but not irradiated. While infective mosquito bites do not induce a protective liver stage response, they also do not interfere with previously acquired liver stage protective responses, even if they induce a complete blood stage infection. Considering that the recently generated anti-malaria vaccines induce only partial protection against infection, it is encouraging that, at least in mouse models, immunity is not negatively affected by subsequent exposure and infection with the parasite.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/97 |
| spellingShingle | Wong Kurt A Galan-Rodriguez Cristina Leitao Ricardo Pollock Tzvi Rodriguez Ana Daily <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stage Malaria Journal |
| title | Daily <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stage |
| title_full | Daily <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stage |
| title_fullStr | Daily <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Daily <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stage |
| title_short | Daily <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stage |
| title_sort | daily it plasmodium yoelii it infective mosquito bites do not generate protection or suppress previous immunity against the liver stage |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/97 |
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