Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe of Vesicle-like Carbon Dots and Gold Clusters for Quantitation of Cholesterol
We report a facile method for the preparation of vesicle-like carbon dots (VCDs) via dry-heating of surfactant solutions. Like most reported CDs, the VCDs possess interesting fluorescence properties. Entrapment of enzymes and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) inside the VCDs allows for the development of fl...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/5/160 |
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| author | Shun-Ruei Hu Chang-Ruei Yang Yu-Fen Huang Chih-Ching Huang Yen-Ling Chen Huan-Tsung Chang |
| author_facet | Shun-Ruei Hu Chang-Ruei Yang Yu-Fen Huang Chih-Ching Huang Yen-Ling Chen Huan-Tsung Chang |
| author_sort | Shun-Ruei Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report a facile method for the preparation of vesicle-like carbon dots (VCDs) via dry-heating of surfactant solutions. Like most reported CDs, the VCDs possess interesting fluorescence properties. Entrapment of enzymes and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) inside the VCDs allows for the development of fluorescent probes for the quantitation of various substrates, with the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity. The AuNCs act as a probe, and the VCDs as an internal standard confine the AuNCs, enzyme, and analyte to provide high local concentrations to enhance the assay sensitivity. In this study, we employed cholesterol oxidase (ChOX) as a model enzyme for the quantitation of cholesterol. The as-formed hydrogen peroxide through the enzyme reaction inside the VCDs causes fluorescence quenching of AuNCs (excitation/emission wavelengths of 320/670 nm), but not that of the VCDs (excitation/emission wavelengths of 320/400 nm). To improve the sensitivity and linearity, the fluorescence ratios of AuNCs/VCDs are plotted against analyte concentration. The present ratiometric fluorescent method allows for the detection of hydrogen peroxide over the concentration range of 1–100 μM, with a detection limit of 0.673 μM, and cholesterol concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μM, with a detection limit of 2.8 μM. The practicality of this fluorescent method has been further validated by evaluating cholesterol levels in human serum samples with sufficient accuracy and recovery, revealing its great prospective in diagnosis and biomedical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:09:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72bef978f9b44a5fbd510818db20f40f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:09:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-72bef978f9b44a5fbd510818db20f40f2023-11-23T10:28:50ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402022-04-0110516010.3390/chemosensors10050160Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe of Vesicle-like Carbon Dots and Gold Clusters for Quantitation of CholesterolShun-Ruei Hu0Chang-Ruei Yang1Yu-Fen Huang2Chih-Ching Huang3Yen-Ling Chen4Huan-Tsung Chang5Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanInstitute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, TaiwanSchool of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanSchool of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanWe report a facile method for the preparation of vesicle-like carbon dots (VCDs) via dry-heating of surfactant solutions. Like most reported CDs, the VCDs possess interesting fluorescence properties. Entrapment of enzymes and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) inside the VCDs allows for the development of fluorescent probes for the quantitation of various substrates, with the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity. The AuNCs act as a probe, and the VCDs as an internal standard confine the AuNCs, enzyme, and analyte to provide high local concentrations to enhance the assay sensitivity. In this study, we employed cholesterol oxidase (ChOX) as a model enzyme for the quantitation of cholesterol. The as-formed hydrogen peroxide through the enzyme reaction inside the VCDs causes fluorescence quenching of AuNCs (excitation/emission wavelengths of 320/670 nm), but not that of the VCDs (excitation/emission wavelengths of 320/400 nm). To improve the sensitivity and linearity, the fluorescence ratios of AuNCs/VCDs are plotted against analyte concentration. The present ratiometric fluorescent method allows for the detection of hydrogen peroxide over the concentration range of 1–100 μM, with a detection limit of 0.673 μM, and cholesterol concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μM, with a detection limit of 2.8 μM. The practicality of this fluorescent method has been further validated by evaluating cholesterol levels in human serum samples with sufficient accuracy and recovery, revealing its great prospective in diagnosis and biomedical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/5/160vesicle-like carbon dotsgold nanoclustersratiometric fluorescence probecholesterol |
| spellingShingle | Shun-Ruei Hu Chang-Ruei Yang Yu-Fen Huang Chih-Ching Huang Yen-Ling Chen Huan-Tsung Chang Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe of Vesicle-like Carbon Dots and Gold Clusters for Quantitation of Cholesterol Chemosensors vesicle-like carbon dots gold nanoclusters ratiometric fluorescence probe cholesterol |
| title | Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe of Vesicle-like Carbon Dots and Gold Clusters for Quantitation of Cholesterol |
| title_full | Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe of Vesicle-like Carbon Dots and Gold Clusters for Quantitation of Cholesterol |
| title_fullStr | Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe of Vesicle-like Carbon Dots and Gold Clusters for Quantitation of Cholesterol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe of Vesicle-like Carbon Dots and Gold Clusters for Quantitation of Cholesterol |
| title_short | Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe of Vesicle-like Carbon Dots and Gold Clusters for Quantitation of Cholesterol |
| title_sort | ratiometric fluorescence probe of vesicle like carbon dots and gold clusters for quantitation of cholesterol |
| topic | vesicle-like carbon dots gold nanoclusters ratiometric fluorescence probe cholesterol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/5/160 |
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