Association of long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States, 2022–2023
Objectives: To assess the association of Long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States. Methods: To compare the prevalence of 3 binary indicators of housing insecurity between people with Long COVID (symptoms >3 months) and COVID-19 survivors who did not report long-term symptoms, we us...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | SSM: Population Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827323002513 |
| _version_ | 1797372932790419456 |
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| author | Samuel E. Packard Ezra Susser |
| author_facet | Samuel E. Packard Ezra Susser |
| author_sort | Samuel E. Packard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: To assess the association of Long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States. Methods: To compare the prevalence of 3 binary indicators of housing insecurity between people with Long COVID (symptoms >3 months) and COVID-19 survivors who did not report long-term symptoms, we used survey-weighted regression models on 206,969 responses from the Household Pulse Survey, a representative cross-sectional survey of US households collected September 2022–April 2023. Among people with Long COVID, we additionally assessed whether functional impairment, current COVID-19 related symptoms, and symptom impact on day-to-day life were associated with a higher prevalence of housing insecurity. Results: During the study period, 56,353 respondents with prior COVID-19 experienced symptoms lasting 3 months or longer (27%), representing an estimated 28 million US adults. After adjusting for demographic factors, people with Long COVID were 1.5–2 times as likely to experience significant difficulty with household expenses (Prevalence ratio [PR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.42–1.55), be behind on housing payments (PR 1.48, 95% CI 1.36–1.60), and face likely eviction or foreclosure (PR 1.86, 95% CI 1.58–2.18). The risk of housing insecurity was highest among low-income adults with Long COVID. Among people with Long COVID, functional limitation and current symptoms which impact day-to-day life were associated with higher prevalence of housing insecurity. Conclusions: Compared with COVID-19 survivors who do not experience long-term symptoms, people with Long COVID are more likely to report indicators of housing insecurity, particularly those of lower socio-economic status, and those with functional limitations or long-term COVID-19 related symptoms impacting day-to-day life. Policies are needed to support people living with chronic illnesses following SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:42:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72bfbb64414c447da9c58d0135e3528b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-8273 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:42:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | SSM: Population Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-72bfbb64414c447da9c58d0135e3528b2023-12-29T04:45:35ZengElsevierSSM: Population Health2352-82732024-03-0125101586Association of long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States, 2022–2023Samuel E. Packard0Ezra Susser1Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Corresponding author. 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USAObjectives: To assess the association of Long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States. Methods: To compare the prevalence of 3 binary indicators of housing insecurity between people with Long COVID (symptoms >3 months) and COVID-19 survivors who did not report long-term symptoms, we used survey-weighted regression models on 206,969 responses from the Household Pulse Survey, a representative cross-sectional survey of US households collected September 2022–April 2023. Among people with Long COVID, we additionally assessed whether functional impairment, current COVID-19 related symptoms, and symptom impact on day-to-day life were associated with a higher prevalence of housing insecurity. Results: During the study period, 56,353 respondents with prior COVID-19 experienced symptoms lasting 3 months or longer (27%), representing an estimated 28 million US adults. After adjusting for demographic factors, people with Long COVID were 1.5–2 times as likely to experience significant difficulty with household expenses (Prevalence ratio [PR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.42–1.55), be behind on housing payments (PR 1.48, 95% CI 1.36–1.60), and face likely eviction or foreclosure (PR 1.86, 95% CI 1.58–2.18). The risk of housing insecurity was highest among low-income adults with Long COVID. Among people with Long COVID, functional limitation and current symptoms which impact day-to-day life were associated with higher prevalence of housing insecurity. Conclusions: Compared with COVID-19 survivors who do not experience long-term symptoms, people with Long COVID are more likely to report indicators of housing insecurity, particularly those of lower socio-economic status, and those with functional limitations or long-term COVID-19 related symptoms impacting day-to-day life. Policies are needed to support people living with chronic illnesses following SARS-CoV-2 infection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827323002513HousingHousing insecurityLong COVIDPost-acute COVID-19 syndromeCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Samuel E. Packard Ezra Susser Association of long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States, 2022–2023 SSM: Population Health Housing Housing insecurity Long COVID Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome COVID-19 |
| title | Association of long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States, 2022–2023 |
| title_full | Association of long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States, 2022–2023 |
| title_fullStr | Association of long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States, 2022–2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States, 2022–2023 |
| title_short | Association of long COVID with housing insecurity in the United States, 2022–2023 |
| title_sort | association of long covid with housing insecurity in the united states 2022 2023 |
| topic | Housing Housing insecurity Long COVID Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome COVID-19 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827323002513 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT samuelepackard associationoflongcovidwithhousinginsecurityintheunitedstates20222023 AT ezrasusser associationoflongcovidwithhousinginsecurityintheunitedstates20222023 |