Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study
Abstract Background Sports practice during adolescence is important to enhance bone development, although it may provide different effects depending on the mechanical impact present in the sport. Besides, resistance training (RT) may also induce bone changes directly (via muscle contractions) and in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04634-0 |
| _version_ | 1797209063217430528 |
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| author | Ricardo R. Agostinete André O. Werneck Pedro H. Narciso Esther Ubago-Guisado Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva Renata M. Bielemann Luis Alberto Gobbo Bruna Turi Lynch Romulo Araújo Fernandes Dimitris Vlachopoulos |
| author_facet | Ricardo R. Agostinete André O. Werneck Pedro H. Narciso Esther Ubago-Guisado Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva Renata M. Bielemann Luis Alberto Gobbo Bruna Turi Lynch Romulo Araújo Fernandes Dimitris Vlachopoulos |
| author_sort | Ricardo R. Agostinete |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Sports practice during adolescence is important to enhance bone development, although it may provide different effects depending on the mechanical impact present in the sport. Besides, resistance training (RT) may also induce bone changes directly (via muscle contractions) and indirectly (via myokines). However, there have been no studies analyzing the longitudinal influence of engaging in sport with and without added mechanical load. Thus, this study aims to analyze the combined effects of sports participation and resistance training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) accrual in adolescent athletes participating in swimming and impact sports for 12-months. Methods This was a 12-month longitudinal study. The sample comprised 91 adolescents (21 females) aged 10 to 18 years, engaged in impact sports (basketball, tennis, track & field, baseball and gymnastics, n = 66) and non-impact sport (swimming, n = 25). The sample was divided according to resistance training participation: impact sports only (n = 45), impact sports + resistance training (n = 21), swimming-only (n = 17) and swimming + resistance training (n = 8). aBMD and soft tissues were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear models analysis was used for the resistance training (RT) x type of sport interaction in predicting aBMD changes overtime, adjusting for maturation, sex and baseline aBMD. Results After 12-months, all groups showed a significant increase in aBMD, except for the swimming groups (regardless of resistant training), which showed a significant loss in spine aBMD (-0.045 [-0.085 to -0.004] g/cm2 in swimming-only and − 0.047 [-0.073 to -0.021] g/cm2 in swimming + RT). In comparisons between groups, only swimming + RT group, compared with swimming-only group presented higher upper limbs aBMD (0.096 g/cm2 [0.074 to 0.118] in swimming + RT vs. 0.046 [0.032 to 0.060] g/cm2 in swimming only; p < 0.05) and whole body less head (WBLH) aBMD (0.039 [0.024 to 0.054] g/cm2 in swimming + RT vs. 0.017 [0.007 to 0.027] g/cm2 swimming-only; p < 0.05). Conclusion Despite the significant gain in aBMD in all groups and body sites after 12-months, except for the spine site of swimmers, the results indicate that participation in RT seems to improve aBMD accrual in swimmers at the upper limbs and WBLH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:48:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72cb9c04752645a7bc04f51417b24144 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2431 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:48:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-72cb9c04752645a7bc04f51417b241442024-04-14T11:29:37ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312024-04-012411810.1186/s12887-024-04634-0Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth StudyRicardo R. Agostinete0André O. Werneck1Pedro H. Narciso2Esther Ubago-Guisado3Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva4Renata M. Bielemann5Luis Alberto Gobbo6Bruna Turi Lynch7Romulo Araújo Fernandes8Dimitris Vlachopoulos9Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP)Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of GranadaFaculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of CoimbraPost-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of PelotasSkeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, Lander UniversityLaboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of ExeterAbstract Background Sports practice during adolescence is important to enhance bone development, although it may provide different effects depending on the mechanical impact present in the sport. Besides, resistance training (RT) may also induce bone changes directly (via muscle contractions) and indirectly (via myokines). However, there have been no studies analyzing the longitudinal influence of engaging in sport with and without added mechanical load. Thus, this study aims to analyze the combined effects of sports participation and resistance training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) accrual in adolescent athletes participating in swimming and impact sports for 12-months. Methods This was a 12-month longitudinal study. The sample comprised 91 adolescents (21 females) aged 10 to 18 years, engaged in impact sports (basketball, tennis, track & field, baseball and gymnastics, n = 66) and non-impact sport (swimming, n = 25). The sample was divided according to resistance training participation: impact sports only (n = 45), impact sports + resistance training (n = 21), swimming-only (n = 17) and swimming + resistance training (n = 8). aBMD and soft tissues were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear models analysis was used for the resistance training (RT) x type of sport interaction in predicting aBMD changes overtime, adjusting for maturation, sex and baseline aBMD. Results After 12-months, all groups showed a significant increase in aBMD, except for the swimming groups (regardless of resistant training), which showed a significant loss in spine aBMD (-0.045 [-0.085 to -0.004] g/cm2 in swimming-only and − 0.047 [-0.073 to -0.021] g/cm2 in swimming + RT). In comparisons between groups, only swimming + RT group, compared with swimming-only group presented higher upper limbs aBMD (0.096 g/cm2 [0.074 to 0.118] in swimming + RT vs. 0.046 [0.032 to 0.060] g/cm2 in swimming only; p < 0.05) and whole body less head (WBLH) aBMD (0.039 [0.024 to 0.054] g/cm2 in swimming + RT vs. 0.017 [0.007 to 0.027] g/cm2 swimming-only; p < 0.05). Conclusion Despite the significant gain in aBMD in all groups and body sites after 12-months, except for the spine site of swimmers, the results indicate that participation in RT seems to improve aBMD accrual in swimmers at the upper limbs and WBLH.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04634-0Bone mineral densityAdolescenceSport participationPhysical activityBone tissue |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo R. Agostinete André O. Werneck Pedro H. Narciso Esther Ubago-Guisado Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva Renata M. Bielemann Luis Alberto Gobbo Bruna Turi Lynch Romulo Araújo Fernandes Dimitris Vlachopoulos Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study BMC Pediatrics Bone mineral density Adolescence Sport participation Physical activity Bone tissue |
| title | Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study |
| title_full | Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study |
| title_fullStr | Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study |
| title_short | Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study |
| title_sort | resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports abcd growth study |
| topic | Bone mineral density Adolescence Sport participation Physical activity Bone tissue |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04634-0 |
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