The comparison of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds: Growth, flesh quality and metabolomics
This study compared the growth, flesh quality and metabolomics of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds. Trash fish (TF), self-made feed (SF) and commercial feed (CF) were prepared with crude protein levels of 172.2 g/kg, 503.5 g/kg and 504.1 g/kg (666.2 g/kg, 547....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.966248/full |
| _version_ | 1828386240150372352 |
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| author | Xiaoying Xu Xiaoying Xu Xiaoying Xu Hang Yang Hang Yang Hang Yang Zhen Xu Zhen Xu Zhen Xu Xiaoqin Li Xiaoqin Li Xiaoqin Li Xiangjun Leng Xiangjun Leng Xiangjun Leng |
| author_facet | Xiaoying Xu Xiaoying Xu Xiaoying Xu Hang Yang Hang Yang Hang Yang Zhen Xu Zhen Xu Zhen Xu Xiaoqin Li Xiaoqin Li Xiaoqin Li Xiangjun Leng Xiangjun Leng Xiangjun Leng |
| author_sort | Xiaoying Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study compared the growth, flesh quality and metabolomics of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds. Trash fish (TF), self-made feed (SF) and commercial feed (CF) were prepared with crude protein levels of 172.2 g/kg, 503.5 g/kg and 504.1 g/kg (666.2 g/kg, 547.3 g/kg and 535.1 g/kg based on dry matter), respectively. Then, the three diets were fed to largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 75.0 ± 0.1 g for 12 weeks. SF and CF groups presented significantly lower feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) than TF group based on dry matter basis without affecting the weight gain (P < 0.05). The yellowness (b*) in dorsal muscle, flesh heat-insoluble collagen and free flavor amino acids contents in SF group were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while drip loss were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of TF group. Compared to TF group, SF and CF groups showed significantly higher flesh polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs contents, flesh hardness, shear force and muscle fiber density (P < 0.05), and lower flesh total free amino acids, essential amino acids, muscle fiber diameter, intestine villus height and muscular thickness (P < 0.05). The serum total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in SF group were significantly lower than those in TF and CF groups (P < 0.05). In the muscle metabolomics, 177 differential metabolites were detected between SF and TF groups, which mainly enriched in pathways as biosynthesis of amino acid, histidine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, etc. Conclusively, feeding largemouth bass with formula feeds improved flesh fatty acid profile and flesh texture without negative effects on the growth, but the flesh free amino acids contents were lower than the fish fed trash fish. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T05:33:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72ce191c94574222b63dfb62b1ac38a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T05:33:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-72ce191c94574222b63dfb62b1ac38a42022-12-22T02:00:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2022-09-01910.3389/fnut.2022.966248966248The comparison of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds: Growth, flesh quality and metabolomicsXiaoying Xu0Xiaoying Xu1Xiaoying Xu2Hang Yang3Hang Yang4Hang Yang5Zhen Xu6Zhen Xu7Zhen Xu8Xiaoqin Li9Xiaoqin Li10Xiaoqin Li11Xiangjun Leng12Xiangjun Leng13Xiangjun Leng14National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaCenter for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaCenter for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaCenter for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaCenter for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaCenter for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaThis study compared the growth, flesh quality and metabolomics of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds. Trash fish (TF), self-made feed (SF) and commercial feed (CF) were prepared with crude protein levels of 172.2 g/kg, 503.5 g/kg and 504.1 g/kg (666.2 g/kg, 547.3 g/kg and 535.1 g/kg based on dry matter), respectively. Then, the three diets were fed to largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 75.0 ± 0.1 g for 12 weeks. SF and CF groups presented significantly lower feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) than TF group based on dry matter basis without affecting the weight gain (P < 0.05). The yellowness (b*) in dorsal muscle, flesh heat-insoluble collagen and free flavor amino acids contents in SF group were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while drip loss were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of TF group. Compared to TF group, SF and CF groups showed significantly higher flesh polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs contents, flesh hardness, shear force and muscle fiber density (P < 0.05), and lower flesh total free amino acids, essential amino acids, muscle fiber diameter, intestine villus height and muscular thickness (P < 0.05). The serum total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in SF group were significantly lower than those in TF and CF groups (P < 0.05). In the muscle metabolomics, 177 differential metabolites were detected between SF and TF groups, which mainly enriched in pathways as biosynthesis of amino acid, histidine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, etc. Conclusively, feeding largemouth bass with formula feeds improved flesh fatty acid profile and flesh texture without negative effects on the growth, but the flesh free amino acids contents were lower than the fish fed trash fish.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.966248/fulllargemouth basstrash fishformula feedgrowthflesh qualitymetabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoying Xu Xiaoying Xu Xiaoying Xu Hang Yang Hang Yang Hang Yang Zhen Xu Zhen Xu Zhen Xu Xiaoqin Li Xiaoqin Li Xiaoqin Li Xiangjun Leng Xiangjun Leng Xiangjun Leng The comparison of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds: Growth, flesh quality and metabolomics Frontiers in Nutrition largemouth bass trash fish formula feed growth flesh quality metabolomics |
| title | The comparison of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds: Growth, flesh quality and metabolomics |
| title_full | The comparison of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds: Growth, flesh quality and metabolomics |
| title_fullStr | The comparison of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds: Growth, flesh quality and metabolomics |
| title_full_unstemmed | The comparison of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds: Growth, flesh quality and metabolomics |
| title_short | The comparison of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed trash fish and formula feeds: Growth, flesh quality and metabolomics |
| title_sort | comparison of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides fed trash fish and formula feeds growth flesh quality and metabolomics |
| topic | largemouth bass trash fish formula feed growth flesh quality metabolomics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.966248/full |
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