Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning models
Bacteria- or virus-infected chicken is conventionally detected by manual observation and confirmed by a laboratory test, which may lead to late detection, significant economic loss, and threaten human health. This paper reports on the development of an innovative technique to detect bacteria- or vir...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1174700/full |
| _version_ | 1797798474651009024 |
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| author | Mohd Anif A. A. Bakar Pin Jern Ker Shirley G. H. Tang Mohd Zafri Baharuddin Hui Jing Lee Abdul Rahman Omar Abdul Rahman Omar |
| author_facet | Mohd Anif A. A. Bakar Pin Jern Ker Shirley G. H. Tang Mohd Zafri Baharuddin Hui Jing Lee Abdul Rahman Omar Abdul Rahman Omar |
| author_sort | Mohd Anif A. A. Bakar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacteria- or virus-infected chicken is conventionally detected by manual observation and confirmed by a laboratory test, which may lead to late detection, significant economic loss, and threaten human health. This paper reports on the development of an innovative technique to detect bacteria- or virus-infected chickens based on the optical chromaticity of the chicken comb. The chromaticity of the infected and healthy chicken comb was extracted and analyzed with International Commission on Illumination (CIE) XYZ color space. Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Decision Trees have been developed to detect infected chickens using the chromaticity data. Based on the X and Z chromaticity data from the chromaticity analysis, the color of the infected chicken’s comb converged from red to green and yellow to blue. The development of the algorithms shows that Logistic Regression, SVM with Linear and Polynomial kernels performed the best with 95% accuracy, followed by SVM-RBF kernel, and KNN with 93% accuracy, Decision Tree with 90% accuracy, and lastly, SVM-Sigmoidal kernel with 83% accuracy. The iteration of the probability threshold parameter for Logistic Regression models has shown that the model can detect all infected chickens with 100% sensitivity and 95% accuracy at the probability threshold of 0.54. These works have shown that, despite using only the optical chromaticity of the chicken comb as the input data, the developed models (95% accuracy) have performed exceptionally well, compared to other reported results (99.469% accuracy) which utilize more sophisticated input data such as morphological and mobility features. This work has demonstrated a new feature for bacteria- or virus-infected chicken detection and contributes to the development of modern technology in agriculture applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:04:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72d050ace1e54bf781532bd0050c3ee3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:04:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-72d050ace1e54bf781532bd0050c3ee32023-06-21T09:35:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-06-011010.3389/fvets.2023.11747001174700Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning modelsMohd Anif A. A. Bakar0Pin Jern Ker1Shirley G. H. Tang2Mohd Zafri Baharuddin3Hui Jing Lee4Abdul Rahman Omar5Abdul Rahman Omar6Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, MalaysiaCenter for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, MalaysiaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, MalaysiaInstitute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, MalaysiaBacteria- or virus-infected chicken is conventionally detected by manual observation and confirmed by a laboratory test, which may lead to late detection, significant economic loss, and threaten human health. This paper reports on the development of an innovative technique to detect bacteria- or virus-infected chickens based on the optical chromaticity of the chicken comb. The chromaticity of the infected and healthy chicken comb was extracted and analyzed with International Commission on Illumination (CIE) XYZ color space. Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Decision Trees have been developed to detect infected chickens using the chromaticity data. Based on the X and Z chromaticity data from the chromaticity analysis, the color of the infected chicken’s comb converged from red to green and yellow to blue. The development of the algorithms shows that Logistic Regression, SVM with Linear and Polynomial kernels performed the best with 95% accuracy, followed by SVM-RBF kernel, and KNN with 93% accuracy, Decision Tree with 90% accuracy, and lastly, SVM-Sigmoidal kernel with 83% accuracy. The iteration of the probability threshold parameter for Logistic Regression models has shown that the model can detect all infected chickens with 100% sensitivity and 95% accuracy at the probability threshold of 0.54. These works have shown that, despite using only the optical chromaticity of the chicken comb as the input data, the developed models (95% accuracy) have performed exceptionally well, compared to other reported results (99.469% accuracy) which utilize more sophisticated input data such as morphological and mobility features. This work has demonstrated a new feature for bacteria- or virus-infected chicken detection and contributes to the development of modern technology in agriculture applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1174700/fullmachine learningclassification modelchromaticityagriculturechicken combimage processing |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Anif A. A. Bakar Pin Jern Ker Shirley G. H. Tang Mohd Zafri Baharuddin Hui Jing Lee Abdul Rahman Omar Abdul Rahman Omar Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning models Frontiers in Veterinary Science machine learning classification model chromaticity agriculture chicken comb image processing |
| title | Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning models |
| title_full | Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning models |
| title_fullStr | Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning models |
| title_short | Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning models |
| title_sort | translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease infected chicken using chromaticity based machine learning models |
| topic | machine learning classification model chromaticity agriculture chicken comb image processing |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1174700/full |
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