Mycotoxin Contamination of Selected Organic Enrichment Materials Used in Pig Farming
Abnormal behavior, such as tail biting, is a fundamental problem in pig husbandry worldwide, and the application of enrichment materials, particularly organic materials, is one of the most promising preventive and curative measures. However, the potential health risks posed by these materials, such...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/11/565 |
| _version_ | 1797547203977281536 |
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| author | Krista Marie Tenbrink Jochen Schulz Nicole Kemper |
| author_facet | Krista Marie Tenbrink Jochen Schulz Nicole Kemper |
| author_sort | Krista Marie Tenbrink |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abnormal behavior, such as tail biting, is a fundamental problem in pig husbandry worldwide, and the application of enrichment materials, particularly organic materials, is one of the most promising preventive and curative measures. However, the potential health risks posed by these materials, such as being an additional source of mycotoxins, have not been sufficiently studied to date. Therefore, 21 different organic enrichment materials were tested for mycotoxin contamination with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry multi-mycotoxin method. Concerning the legally regulated mycotoxins in the EU, aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and ochratoxin A were not detected in any of the tested materials. Fumonisin B<sub>2</sub> was detected in straw meal made of wheat, rye, and triticale, but the level (0.014 mg/kg) was very low. The level of deoxynivalenol in maize pellets (5.01 mg/kg) and maize silage (2.12 mg/kg) exceeded the guidance value for pig feed. Zearalenone was present at high levels in maize pellets (1.21 mg/kg), hay (0.30 mg/kg), and maize silage (0.25 mg/kg). Maize products showed high levels of mycotoxins presenting a health risk for pigs and cannot be recommended as enrichment material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:41:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72d0d6eb0888463facc75b1ae581f460 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:41:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-72d0d6eb0888463facc75b1ae581f4602023-11-20T21:47:48ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722020-11-01101156510.3390/agriculture10110565Mycotoxin Contamination of Selected Organic Enrichment Materials Used in Pig FarmingKrista Marie Tenbrink0Jochen Schulz1Nicole Kemper2Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour (ITTN), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15 (Building 116), 30173 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour (ITTN), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15 (Building 116), 30173 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour (ITTN), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15 (Building 116), 30173 Hannover, GermanyAbnormal behavior, such as tail biting, is a fundamental problem in pig husbandry worldwide, and the application of enrichment materials, particularly organic materials, is one of the most promising preventive and curative measures. However, the potential health risks posed by these materials, such as being an additional source of mycotoxins, have not been sufficiently studied to date. Therefore, 21 different organic enrichment materials were tested for mycotoxin contamination with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry multi-mycotoxin method. Concerning the legally regulated mycotoxins in the EU, aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and ochratoxin A were not detected in any of the tested materials. Fumonisin B<sub>2</sub> was detected in straw meal made of wheat, rye, and triticale, but the level (0.014 mg/kg) was very low. The level of deoxynivalenol in maize pellets (5.01 mg/kg) and maize silage (2.12 mg/kg) exceeded the guidance value for pig feed. Zearalenone was present at high levels in maize pellets (1.21 mg/kg), hay (0.30 mg/kg), and maize silage (0.25 mg/kg). Maize products showed high levels of mycotoxins presenting a health risk for pigs and cannot be recommended as enrichment material.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/11/565deoxynivalenolfumonisinfungimaizeochratoxinzearalenone |
| spellingShingle | Krista Marie Tenbrink Jochen Schulz Nicole Kemper Mycotoxin Contamination of Selected Organic Enrichment Materials Used in Pig Farming Agriculture deoxynivalenol fumonisin fungi maize ochratoxin zearalenone |
| title | Mycotoxin Contamination of Selected Organic Enrichment Materials Used in Pig Farming |
| title_full | Mycotoxin Contamination of Selected Organic Enrichment Materials Used in Pig Farming |
| title_fullStr | Mycotoxin Contamination of Selected Organic Enrichment Materials Used in Pig Farming |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycotoxin Contamination of Selected Organic Enrichment Materials Used in Pig Farming |
| title_short | Mycotoxin Contamination of Selected Organic Enrichment Materials Used in Pig Farming |
| title_sort | mycotoxin contamination of selected organic enrichment materials used in pig farming |
| topic | deoxynivalenol fumonisin fungi maize ochratoxin zearalenone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/11/565 |
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