Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid particles released by all cell types in physiological and pathological states. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs are critical players in mediating intercellular communications through the transfer of genetic material...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/12/1065 |
| _version_ | 1797545317554454528 |
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| author | Jihane Khalife James F. Sanchez Flavia Pichiorri |
| author_facet | Jihane Khalife James F. Sanchez Flavia Pichiorri |
| author_sort | Jihane Khalife |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid particles released by all cell types in physiological and pathological states. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs are critical players in mediating intercellular communications through the transfer of genetic materials and proteins between neoplastic cells themselves and to several components of the bone marrow microenvironment, rendering the latter a “stronger” niche supporting cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance, and escape from immune surveillance. In this context, the molecular cargoes of tumor-derived EVs reflect the nature and status of the cells of origin, making them specific therapeutic targets. Another important characteristic of EVs in hematological malignancies is their use as a potential “liquid biopsy” because of their high abundance in biofluids and their ability to protect their molecular cargoes from nuclease and protease degradation. Liquid biopsies are non-invasive blood tests that provide a molecular profiling clinical tool as an alternative method of disease stratification, especially in cancer patients where solid biopsies have limited accessibility. They offer accurate diagnoses and identify specific biomarkers for monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. In this review, we will focus on the role of EVs in the most prevalent hematological malignancies, particularly on their prospective use as biomarkers in the context of liquid biopsies, as well as their molecular signature that identifies them as specific therapeutic targets for inhibiting cancer progression. We will also highlight their roles in modulating the immune response by acting as both immunosuppressors and activators of anti-tumor immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:13:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72dec24b5e4340ac8974bcfc94e865fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:13:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-72dec24b5e4340ac8974bcfc94e865fe2023-11-20T23:57:28ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-12-011012106510.3390/diagnostics10121065Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic ToolsJihane Khalife0James F. Sanchez1Flavia Pichiorri2Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USAJudy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USAJudy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USASmall extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid particles released by all cell types in physiological and pathological states. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs are critical players in mediating intercellular communications through the transfer of genetic materials and proteins between neoplastic cells themselves and to several components of the bone marrow microenvironment, rendering the latter a “stronger” niche supporting cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance, and escape from immune surveillance. In this context, the molecular cargoes of tumor-derived EVs reflect the nature and status of the cells of origin, making them specific therapeutic targets. Another important characteristic of EVs in hematological malignancies is their use as a potential “liquid biopsy” because of their high abundance in biofluids and their ability to protect their molecular cargoes from nuclease and protease degradation. Liquid biopsies are non-invasive blood tests that provide a molecular profiling clinical tool as an alternative method of disease stratification, especially in cancer patients where solid biopsies have limited accessibility. They offer accurate diagnoses and identify specific biomarkers for monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. In this review, we will focus on the role of EVs in the most prevalent hematological malignancies, particularly on their prospective use as biomarkers in the context of liquid biopsies, as well as their molecular signature that identifies them as specific therapeutic targets for inhibiting cancer progression. We will also highlight their roles in modulating the immune response by acting as both immunosuppressors and activators of anti-tumor immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/12/1065exosomesbiomarkersleukemialymphomamultiple myeloma |
| spellingShingle | Jihane Khalife James F. Sanchez Flavia Pichiorri Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools Diagnostics exosomes biomarkers leukemia lymphoma multiple myeloma |
| title | Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools |
| title_full | Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools |
| title_short | Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools |
| title_sort | extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies from biomarkers to therapeutic tools |
| topic | exosomes biomarkers leukemia lymphoma multiple myeloma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/12/1065 |
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