Lead-Free Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dots for Detection of Heavy Metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions in Seawater
Seawater pollution caused by heavy metal ions is a growing concern among the public. Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) are ideal probes for detecting metal ions due to their exceptional sensing characteristics, including remarkable sensitivity, low detection limit, and good selectivity. However, tradi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/5/1001 |
| _version_ | 1797599512280170496 |
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| author | Yuefeng Gao Baojiu Chen |
| author_facet | Yuefeng Gao Baojiu Chen |
| author_sort | Yuefeng Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seawater pollution caused by heavy metal ions is a growing concern among the public. Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) are ideal probes for detecting metal ions due to their exceptional sensing characteristics, including remarkable sensitivity, low detection limit, and good selectivity. However, traditional lead-based PeQDs exhibit drawbacks related to lead toxicity and poor water stability. Herein, lead-free halide PeQDs Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> were synthesized using Bi<sup>3+</sup> instead of Pb<sup>2+</sup> via the ligand-assisted reprecipitation method. The luminescence performance of the precursor is analyzed with respect to the reaction conditions. The results reveal that the optimal reaction temperature is 80 °C, the ideal octylamine dosage is 35 μL, and the most effective reaction time is 10 min. Photoluminescence spectra of Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> are analyzed at various temperatures and demonstrate that fluorescence intensity decreases as temperature increases. The value of the exciton binding energy (Eb) is determined to be 88.6 meV. Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> PeQDs synthesized under the optimum reaction conditions are utilized as fluorescent probes to detect copper ions in seawater. Results from experiments demonstrate that the presence of copper ions markedly quenched the photoluminescence of Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> owing to the effective transfer of electrons from Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> to Cu<sup>2+</sup>. A strong linear correlation between the degree of quenching and the contents of Cu<sup>2+</sup> is observed. Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> PeQDs demonstrate a sensitivity and detection limit of 1.21 μM<sup>−1</sup> and 98.3 nM, respectively. Furthermore, this probe exhibits good photostability, water stability, and selectivity for copper ions, thereby indicating its potential for detecting marine heavy metal contaminants. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:36:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-72dfcc8a7d1f452a9d31999394cb52212023-11-18T01:59:47ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-05-01115100110.3390/jmse11051001Lead-Free Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dots for Detection of Heavy Metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions in SeawaterYuefeng Gao0Baojiu Chen1College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaSchool of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaSeawater pollution caused by heavy metal ions is a growing concern among the public. Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) are ideal probes for detecting metal ions due to their exceptional sensing characteristics, including remarkable sensitivity, low detection limit, and good selectivity. However, traditional lead-based PeQDs exhibit drawbacks related to lead toxicity and poor water stability. Herein, lead-free halide PeQDs Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> were synthesized using Bi<sup>3+</sup> instead of Pb<sup>2+</sup> via the ligand-assisted reprecipitation method. The luminescence performance of the precursor is analyzed with respect to the reaction conditions. The results reveal that the optimal reaction temperature is 80 °C, the ideal octylamine dosage is 35 μL, and the most effective reaction time is 10 min. Photoluminescence spectra of Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> are analyzed at various temperatures and demonstrate that fluorescence intensity decreases as temperature increases. The value of the exciton binding energy (Eb) is determined to be 88.6 meV. Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> PeQDs synthesized under the optimum reaction conditions are utilized as fluorescent probes to detect copper ions in seawater. Results from experiments demonstrate that the presence of copper ions markedly quenched the photoluminescence of Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> owing to the effective transfer of electrons from Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> to Cu<sup>2+</sup>. A strong linear correlation between the degree of quenching and the contents of Cu<sup>2+</sup> is observed. Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> PeQDs demonstrate a sensitivity and detection limit of 1.21 μM<sup>−1</sup> and 98.3 nM, respectively. Furthermore, this probe exhibits good photostability, water stability, and selectivity for copper ions, thereby indicating its potential for detecting marine heavy metal contaminants.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/5/1001lead-free perovskite quantum dotsenergy transferfluorescence quenchingseawater Cu<sup>2+</sup> detection |
| spellingShingle | Yuefeng Gao Baojiu Chen Lead-Free Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dots for Detection of Heavy Metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions in Seawater Journal of Marine Science and Engineering lead-free perovskite quantum dots energy transfer fluorescence quenching seawater Cu<sup>2+</sup> detection |
| title | Lead-Free Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dots for Detection of Heavy Metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions in Seawater |
| title_full | Lead-Free Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dots for Detection of Heavy Metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions in Seawater |
| title_fullStr | Lead-Free Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dots for Detection of Heavy Metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions in Seawater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lead-Free Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dots for Detection of Heavy Metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions in Seawater |
| title_short | Lead-Free Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dots for Detection of Heavy Metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions in Seawater |
| title_sort | lead free cs sub 3 sub bi sub 2 sub br sub 9 sub perovskite quantum dots for detection of heavy metal cu sup 2 sup ions in seawater |
| topic | lead-free perovskite quantum dots energy transfer fluorescence quenching seawater Cu<sup>2+</sup> detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/5/1001 |
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