Algal Autophagy Is Necessary for the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism Under Nutrient Deficiency
Autophagy is a mechanism to recycle intracellular constituents such as amino acids and other carbon- and nitrogen (N)-containing compounds. Although autophagy-related (ATG) genes required for autophagy are encoded by many algal genomes, their functional importance in microalgae in nutrient-deficienc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00036/full |
| _version_ | 1818304678295764992 |
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| author | Masataka Kajikawa Hideya Fukuzawa |
| author_facet | Masataka Kajikawa Hideya Fukuzawa |
| author_sort | Masataka Kajikawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy is a mechanism to recycle intracellular constituents such as amino acids and other carbon- and nitrogen (N)-containing compounds. Although autophagy-related (ATG) genes required for autophagy are encoded by many algal genomes, their functional importance in microalgae in nutrient-deficiency has not been appraised using ATG-defective mutants. Recently, by characterization of an insertional mutant of the ATG8 encoding a ubiquitin-like protein indispensable for autophagosome formation in a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we have provided evidence that supports the following notions. ATG8 protein is required for the degradation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol (TAG) triggered by resupply of N to cell culture in N-deficient conditions. ATG8 protein is also necessary for starch accumulation under phosphorus-deficient conditions. Algal autophagy is not necessary for inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of algal autophagy associated with nutrient deficiency revealed by the genetic and biochemical analyses using disruption mutants and reagents that inhibit the fatty acid biosynthesis and vacuolar H+-ATPase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T06:14:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72e3a591cbc54a15aee151f1fecea53d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T06:14:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-72e3a591cbc54a15aee151f1fecea53d2022-12-21T23:57:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2020-02-011110.3389/fpls.2020.00036508804Algal Autophagy Is Necessary for the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism Under Nutrient DeficiencyMasataka KajikawaHideya FukuzawaAutophagy is a mechanism to recycle intracellular constituents such as amino acids and other carbon- and nitrogen (N)-containing compounds. Although autophagy-related (ATG) genes required for autophagy are encoded by many algal genomes, their functional importance in microalgae in nutrient-deficiency has not been appraised using ATG-defective mutants. Recently, by characterization of an insertional mutant of the ATG8 encoding a ubiquitin-like protein indispensable for autophagosome formation in a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we have provided evidence that supports the following notions. ATG8 protein is required for the degradation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol (TAG) triggered by resupply of N to cell culture in N-deficient conditions. ATG8 protein is also necessary for starch accumulation under phosphorus-deficient conditions. Algal autophagy is not necessary for inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of algal autophagy associated with nutrient deficiency revealed by the genetic and biochemical analyses using disruption mutants and reagents that inhibit the fatty acid biosynthesis and vacuolar H+-ATPase.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00036/fullautophagyChlamydomonaslipidnutrient deficiencystarch |
| spellingShingle | Masataka Kajikawa Hideya Fukuzawa Algal Autophagy Is Necessary for the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism Under Nutrient Deficiency Frontiers in Plant Science autophagy Chlamydomonas lipid nutrient deficiency starch |
| title | Algal Autophagy Is Necessary for the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism Under Nutrient Deficiency |
| title_full | Algal Autophagy Is Necessary for the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism Under Nutrient Deficiency |
| title_fullStr | Algal Autophagy Is Necessary for the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism Under Nutrient Deficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Algal Autophagy Is Necessary for the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism Under Nutrient Deficiency |
| title_short | Algal Autophagy Is Necessary for the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism Under Nutrient Deficiency |
| title_sort | algal autophagy is necessary for the regulation of carbon metabolism under nutrient deficiency |
| topic | autophagy Chlamydomonas lipid nutrient deficiency starch |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00036/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT masatakakajikawa algalautophagyisnecessaryfortheregulationofcarbonmetabolismundernutrientdeficiency AT hideyafukuzawa algalautophagyisnecessaryfortheregulationofcarbonmetabolismundernutrientdeficiency |