Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction
Microalgal biomass is a sustainable source of bioactive lipids with omega-3 fatty acids. The efficient extraction of neutral and polar lipids from microalgae requires alternative extraction methods, frequently combined with biomass pretreatment. In this work, a combined ultrasound and enzymatic proc...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/8/1928 |
| _version_ | 1797523837922836480 |
|---|---|
| author | Cristina Blanco-Llamero Paz García-García Francisco Javier Señoráns |
| author_facet | Cristina Blanco-Llamero Paz García-García Francisco Javier Señoráns |
| author_sort | Cristina Blanco-Llamero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microalgal biomass is a sustainable source of bioactive lipids with omega-3 fatty acids. The efficient extraction of neutral and polar lipids from microalgae requires alternative extraction methods, frequently combined with biomass pretreatment. In this work, a combined ultrasound and enzymatic process using commercial enzymes Viscozyme, Celluclast, and Alcalase was optimized as a pretreatment method for <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i>, where the Folch method was used for lipid extraction. Significant differences were observed among the used enzymatic pretreatments, combined with ultrasound bath or probe-type sonication. To further optimize this method, ranges of temperatures (35, 45, and 55 °C) and pH (4, 5, and 8) were tested, and enzymes were combined at the best conditions. Subsequently, simultaneous use of three hydrolytic enzymes rendered oil yields of nearly 29%, showing a synergic effect. To compare enzymatic pretreatments, neutral and polar lipids distribution of <i>Nannochloropsis</i> was determined by HPLC–ELSD. The highest polar lipids content was achieved employing ultrasound-assisted enzymatic pretreatment (55 °C and 6 h), whereas the highest glycolipid (44.54%) and PE (2.91%) contents were achieved using Viscozyme versus other enzymes. The method was applied to other microalgae showing the potential of the optimized process as a practical alternative to produce valuable lipids for nutraceutical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-730f61549819480f82bb0fb120c840d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-730f61549819480f82bb0fb120c840d52023-11-22T07:40:55ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-08-01108192810.3390/foods10081928Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil ExtractionCristina Blanco-Llamero0Paz García-García1Francisco Javier Señoráns2Healthy-Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainHealthy-Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainHealthy-Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainMicroalgal biomass is a sustainable source of bioactive lipids with omega-3 fatty acids. The efficient extraction of neutral and polar lipids from microalgae requires alternative extraction methods, frequently combined with biomass pretreatment. In this work, a combined ultrasound and enzymatic process using commercial enzymes Viscozyme, Celluclast, and Alcalase was optimized as a pretreatment method for <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i>, where the Folch method was used for lipid extraction. Significant differences were observed among the used enzymatic pretreatments, combined with ultrasound bath or probe-type sonication. To further optimize this method, ranges of temperatures (35, 45, and 55 °C) and pH (4, 5, and 8) were tested, and enzymes were combined at the best conditions. Subsequently, simultaneous use of three hydrolytic enzymes rendered oil yields of nearly 29%, showing a synergic effect. To compare enzymatic pretreatments, neutral and polar lipids distribution of <i>Nannochloropsis</i> was determined by HPLC–ELSD. The highest polar lipids content was achieved employing ultrasound-assisted enzymatic pretreatment (55 °C and 6 h), whereas the highest glycolipid (44.54%) and PE (2.91%) contents were achieved using Viscozyme versus other enzymes. The method was applied to other microalgae showing the potential of the optimized process as a practical alternative to produce valuable lipids for nutraceutical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/8/1928microalgaeenzymatic pretreatmentViscozyme<sup>®</sup>Alcalase<sup>®</sup>Celluclast<sup>®</sup><i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> |
| spellingShingle | Cristina Blanco-Llamero Paz García-García Francisco Javier Señoráns Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction Foods microalgae enzymatic pretreatment Viscozyme<sup>®</sup> Alcalase<sup>®</sup> Celluclast<sup>®</sup> <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> |
| title | Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction |
| title_full | Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction |
| title_fullStr | Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction |
| title_short | Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction |
| title_sort | combination of synergic enzymes and ultrasounds as an effective pretreatment process to break microalgal cell wall and enhance algal oil extraction |
| topic | microalgae enzymatic pretreatment Viscozyme<sup>®</sup> Alcalase<sup>®</sup> Celluclast<sup>®</sup> <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/8/1928 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cristinablancollamero combinationofsynergicenzymesandultrasoundsasaneffectivepretreatmentprocesstobreakmicroalgalcellwallandenhancealgaloilextraction AT pazgarciagarcia combinationofsynergicenzymesandultrasoundsasaneffectivepretreatmentprocesstobreakmicroalgalcellwallandenhancealgaloilextraction AT franciscojaviersenorans combinationofsynergicenzymesandultrasoundsasaneffectivepretreatmentprocesstobreakmicroalgalcellwallandenhancealgaloilextraction |