The right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic-rule learning: Evidence supporting a reinforcement learning model
In real-life communication, individuals use language that carries evident rewarding and punishing elements, such as praise and criticism. A common trend is to seek more praise while avoiding criticism. Furthermore, semantics is crucial for conveying information, but such semantic access to native an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | NeuroImage |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192300544X |
| _version_ | 1827781816094818304 |
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| author | Linyan Liu Dongxue Liu Tingting Guo John W. Schwieter Huanhuan Liu |
| author_facet | Linyan Liu Dongxue Liu Tingting Guo John W. Schwieter Huanhuan Liu |
| author_sort | Linyan Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In real-life communication, individuals use language that carries evident rewarding and punishing elements, such as praise and criticism. A common trend is to seek more praise while avoiding criticism. Furthermore, semantics is crucial for conveying information, but such semantic access to native and foreign languages is subtly distinct. To investigate how rule learning occurs in different languages and to highlight the importance of semantics in this process, we investigated both verbal and non-verbal rule learning in first (L1) and second (L2) languages using a reinforcement learning framework, including a semantic rule and a color rule. Our computational modeling on behavioral and brain imaging data revealed that individuals may be more motivated to learn and adhere to rules in an L1 compared to L2, with greater striatum activation during the outcome phase in the L1. Additionally, results on the learning rates and inverse temperature in the two rule learning tasks showed that individuals tend to be conservative and are reluctant to change their judgments regarding rule learning of semantic information. Moreover, the greater the prediction errors, the greater activation of the right superior temporal gyrus in the semantic-rule learning condition, demonstrating that such learning has differential neural correlates than symbolic rule learning. Overall, the findings provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying rule learning in different languages, and indicate that rule learning involving verbal semantics is not a general symbolic learning that resembles a conditioned stimulus-response, but rather has its own specific characteristics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:24:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-730fb908886c420c92a2633e77c55916 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1095-9572 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:24:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | NeuroImage |
| spelling | doaj.art-730fb908886c420c92a2633e77c559162023-10-28T05:06:46ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722023-11-01282120393The right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic-rule learning: Evidence supporting a reinforcement learning modelLinyan Liu0Dongxue Liu1Tingting Guo2John W. Schwieter3Huanhuan Liu4Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, ChinaResearch Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, ChinaResearch Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, ChinaLanguage Acquisition, Multilingualism, and Cognition Laboratory / Bilingualism Matters @ Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada; Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, CanadaResearch Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, China; Corresponding author at: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, China.In real-life communication, individuals use language that carries evident rewarding and punishing elements, such as praise and criticism. A common trend is to seek more praise while avoiding criticism. Furthermore, semantics is crucial for conveying information, but such semantic access to native and foreign languages is subtly distinct. To investigate how rule learning occurs in different languages and to highlight the importance of semantics in this process, we investigated both verbal and non-verbal rule learning in first (L1) and second (L2) languages using a reinforcement learning framework, including a semantic rule and a color rule. Our computational modeling on behavioral and brain imaging data revealed that individuals may be more motivated to learn and adhere to rules in an L1 compared to L2, with greater striatum activation during the outcome phase in the L1. Additionally, results on the learning rates and inverse temperature in the two rule learning tasks showed that individuals tend to be conservative and are reluctant to change their judgments regarding rule learning of semantic information. Moreover, the greater the prediction errors, the greater activation of the right superior temporal gyrus in the semantic-rule learning condition, demonstrating that such learning has differential neural correlates than symbolic rule learning. Overall, the findings provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying rule learning in different languages, and indicate that rule learning involving verbal semantics is not a general symbolic learning that resembles a conditioned stimulus-response, but rather has its own specific characteristics.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192300544XReinforcement learning modelLanguageRule learningSuperior temporal gyrusStriatum |
| spellingShingle | Linyan Liu Dongxue Liu Tingting Guo John W. Schwieter Huanhuan Liu The right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic-rule learning: Evidence supporting a reinforcement learning model NeuroImage Reinforcement learning model Language Rule learning Superior temporal gyrus Striatum |
| title | The right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic-rule learning: Evidence supporting a reinforcement learning model |
| title_full | The right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic-rule learning: Evidence supporting a reinforcement learning model |
| title_fullStr | The right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic-rule learning: Evidence supporting a reinforcement learning model |
| title_full_unstemmed | The right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic-rule learning: Evidence supporting a reinforcement learning model |
| title_short | The right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic-rule learning: Evidence supporting a reinforcement learning model |
| title_sort | right superior temporal gyrus plays a role in semantic rule learning evidence supporting a reinforcement learning model |
| topic | Reinforcement learning model Language Rule learning Superior temporal gyrus Striatum |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192300544X |
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