Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor Array
The SKA (Square Kilometer Array) radio telescope will become the most sensitive telescope by correlating a huge number of antenna nodes to form a vast array of sensors in a region over one hundred kilometers. Faceting, the wide-field imaging algorithm, is a novel approach towards solving image const...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4070 |
| _version_ | 1797561734222839808 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuefeng Song Yongxin Zhu Tianhao Nan Junjie Hou Sen Du Shijin Song |
| author_facet | Yuefeng Song Yongxin Zhu Tianhao Nan Junjie Hou Sen Du Shijin Song |
| author_sort | Yuefeng Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The SKA (Square Kilometer Array) radio telescope will become the most sensitive telescope by correlating a huge number of antenna nodes to form a vast array of sensors in a region over one hundred kilometers. Faceting, the wide-field imaging algorithm, is a novel approach towards solving image construction from sensing data where earth surface curves cannot be ignored. However, the traditional processor of cloud computing, even if the most sophisticated supercomputer is used, cannot meet the extremely high computation performance requirement. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of high-efficiency FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) -based hardware acceleration of the key algorithm, faceting in SKA by focusing on phase rotation and gridding, which are the most time-consuming phases in the faceting algorithm. Through the analysis of algorithm behavior and bottleneck, we design and optimize the memory architecture and computing logic of the FPGA-based accelerator. The simulation and tests on FPGA are done to confirm the acceleration result of our design and it is shown that the acceleration performance we achieved on phase rotation is 20× the result of the previous work. We then further designed and optimized an efficient microstructure of loop unrolling and pipeline for the gridding accelerator, and the designed system simulation was done to confirm the performance of our structure. The result shows that the acceleration ratio is 5.48 compared to the result tested on software in gridding parts. Hence, our approach enables efficient acceleration of the faceting algorithm on FPGAs with high performance to meet the computational constraints of SKA as a representative vast sensor array. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:17:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7321505527e74eb48ef62cbb8e97a86e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:17:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7321505527e74eb48ef62cbb8e97a86e2023-11-20T07:31:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-07-012015407010.3390/s20154070Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor ArrayYuefeng Song0Yongxin Zhu1Tianhao Nan2Junjie Hou3Sen Du4Shijin Song5School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaThe SKA (Square Kilometer Array) radio telescope will become the most sensitive telescope by correlating a huge number of antenna nodes to form a vast array of sensors in a region over one hundred kilometers. Faceting, the wide-field imaging algorithm, is a novel approach towards solving image construction from sensing data where earth surface curves cannot be ignored. However, the traditional processor of cloud computing, even if the most sophisticated supercomputer is used, cannot meet the extremely high computation performance requirement. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of high-efficiency FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) -based hardware acceleration of the key algorithm, faceting in SKA by focusing on phase rotation and gridding, which are the most time-consuming phases in the faceting algorithm. Through the analysis of algorithm behavior and bottleneck, we design and optimize the memory architecture and computing logic of the FPGA-based accelerator. The simulation and tests on FPGA are done to confirm the acceleration result of our design and it is shown that the acceleration performance we achieved on phase rotation is 20× the result of the previous work. We then further designed and optimized an efficient microstructure of loop unrolling and pipeline for the gridding accelerator, and the designed system simulation was done to confirm the performance of our structure. The result shows that the acceleration ratio is 5.48 compared to the result tested on software in gridding parts. Hence, our approach enables efficient acceleration of the faceting algorithm on FPGAs with high performance to meet the computational constraints of SKA as a representative vast sensor array.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4070SKAFPGAcloud computingbig data technologiesphase rotationgridding |
| spellingShingle | Yuefeng Song Yongxin Zhu Tianhao Nan Junjie Hou Sen Du Shijin Song Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor Array Sensors SKA FPGA cloud computing big data technologies phase rotation gridding |
| title | Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor Array |
| title_full | Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor Array |
| title_fullStr | Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor Array |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor Array |
| title_short | Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor Array |
| title_sort | accelerating faceting wide field imaging algorithm with fpga for ska radio telescope as a vast sensor array |
| topic | SKA FPGA cloud computing big data technologies phase rotation gridding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4070 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuefengsong acceleratingfacetingwidefieldimagingalgorithmwithfpgaforskaradiotelescopeasavastsensorarray AT yongxinzhu acceleratingfacetingwidefieldimagingalgorithmwithfpgaforskaradiotelescopeasavastsensorarray AT tianhaonan acceleratingfacetingwidefieldimagingalgorithmwithfpgaforskaradiotelescopeasavastsensorarray AT junjiehou acceleratingfacetingwidefieldimagingalgorithmwithfpgaforskaradiotelescopeasavastsensorarray AT sendu acceleratingfacetingwidefieldimagingalgorithmwithfpgaforskaradiotelescopeasavastsensorarray AT shijinsong acceleratingfacetingwidefieldimagingalgorithmwithfpgaforskaradiotelescopeasavastsensorarray |