Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits
Ovine toxoplasmosis is one the most relevant reproductive diseases in sheep. The genetic variability among different <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> isolates is known to be related to different degrees of virulence in mice and humans, but little is known regarding its potential effects in sheep...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3453 |
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| author | Raquel Vallejo Julio Benavides Noive Arteche-Villasol Mercedes Fernández-Escobar María Del Carmen Ferreras Valentín Pérez Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito |
| author_facet | Raquel Vallejo Julio Benavides Noive Arteche-Villasol Mercedes Fernández-Escobar María Del Carmen Ferreras Valentín Pérez Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito |
| author_sort | Raquel Vallejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ovine toxoplasmosis is one the most relevant reproductive diseases in sheep. The genetic variability among different <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> isolates is known to be related to different degrees of virulence in mice and humans, but little is known regarding its potential effects in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genetic variability (types II (ToxoDB #1 and #3) and III (#2)) of six recently isolated strains that showed different phenotypic traits both in a normalized mouse model and in ovine trophoblasts, in ovine monocyte-derived macrophages and the subsequent transcript expression of cytokines and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). The type III isolate (TgShSp24) showed the highest rate of internalization, followed by the type II clonal isolate (TgShSp2), while the type II PRU isolates (TgShSp1, TgShSp3, TgShSp11 and TgShSp16) showed the lowest rates. The type II PRU strains, isolated from abortions, exhibited higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS than those obtained from the myocardium of chronically infected sheep (type II PRU strains and type III), which had higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present results show the existence of significant intra- and inter-genotypic differences in the parasite-macrophage relationship that need to be confirmed in in vivo experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:58Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-7325f48e44b849c4adedd1aa17ee84392023-11-24T12:49:58ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-12-011224345310.3390/ani12243453Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Strains Showing Different Phenotypic TraitsRaquel Vallejo0Julio Benavides1Noive Arteche-Villasol2Mercedes Fernández-Escobar3María Del Carmen Ferreras4Valentín Pérez5Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito6SANPATRUM, Animal Health Department, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, SpainInstituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Grulleros, 24346 León, SpainSANPATRUM, Animal Health Department, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, SpainSALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainSANPATRUM, Animal Health Department, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, SpainSANPATRUM, Animal Health Department, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, SpainSANPATRUM, Animal Health Department, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, SpainOvine toxoplasmosis is one the most relevant reproductive diseases in sheep. The genetic variability among different <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> isolates is known to be related to different degrees of virulence in mice and humans, but little is known regarding its potential effects in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genetic variability (types II (ToxoDB #1 and #3) and III (#2)) of six recently isolated strains that showed different phenotypic traits both in a normalized mouse model and in ovine trophoblasts, in ovine monocyte-derived macrophages and the subsequent transcript expression of cytokines and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). The type III isolate (TgShSp24) showed the highest rate of internalization, followed by the type II clonal isolate (TgShSp2), while the type II PRU isolates (TgShSp1, TgShSp3, TgShSp11 and TgShSp16) showed the lowest rates. The type II PRU strains, isolated from abortions, exhibited higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS than those obtained from the myocardium of chronically infected sheep (type II PRU strains and type III), which had higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present results show the existence of significant intra- and inter-genotypic differences in the parasite-macrophage relationship that need to be confirmed in in vivo experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3453<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>sheepgenotypemacrophagesinternalizationcytokines |
| spellingShingle | Raquel Vallejo Julio Benavides Noive Arteche-Villasol Mercedes Fernández-Escobar María Del Carmen Ferreras Valentín Pérez Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits Animals <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> sheep genotype macrophages internalization cytokines |
| title | Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits |
| title_full | Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits |
| title_short | Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits |
| title_sort | effects of ovine monocyte derived macrophage infection by recently isolated i toxoplasma gondii i strains showing different phenotypic traits |
| topic | <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> sheep genotype macrophages internalization cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3453 |
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