| Summary: | The association between the gut microbiota and muscle strength has garnered attention in the context of mitigating muscle decline. However, many study subjects have been individuals with existing illnesses or the elderly only. This study aims to elucidate the association between the gut microbiota and muscle strength indicators using grip strength/BMI in a large-scale study of community residents. The mean age of men (<i>n</i> = 442) and women (<i>n</i> = 588) was 50.5 (15.3) and 51.2 (15.9) years, respectively. The muscle strength indicator used was grip/BMI. The association between total read count and genus-level gut microbiota and muscle strength was analyzed. The mean grip/BMI was 1.8 (0.3) for men and 1.2 (0.2) for women. The genus of the gut microbiota that showed an association in both sexes was <i>Eggerthella</i> (men: <i>β</i> = 0.18, CI: 0.04–0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.009; women: <i>β</i> = 0.07, CI: 0.00–0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.028). <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Eggerthella</i> and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> were found to be significantly associated with grip/BMI in both the multiple regression analysis and Spearman’s correlation analysis after the multiple comparison adjustment. These results suggest that an increase in <i>Blautia</i> and <i>Eggerthella</i>, coupled with a decrease in <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, may contribute to muscle strengthening or the suppression of muscle weakness.
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