Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils
The production of biodiesel using vegetable oil is an effective way to meet growing energy demands, which could potentially reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate grape seed (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>), Philippine tung (<i>Reutealis trisperma</i...
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2020-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/6/1319 |
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| author | Hwai Chyuan Ong M. Mofijur A.S. Silitonga D. Gumilang Fitranto Kusumo T.M.I. Mahlia |
| author_facet | Hwai Chyuan Ong M. Mofijur A.S. Silitonga D. Gumilang Fitranto Kusumo T.M.I. Mahlia |
| author_sort | Hwai Chyuan Ong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The production of biodiesel using vegetable oil is an effective way to meet growing energy demands, which could potentially reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate grape seed (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>), Philippine tung (<i>Reutealis trisperma</i>), and kesambi (<i>Schleichera oleosa</i>) oils as potential feedstocks for biodiesel production to meet this demand. Firstly, biodiesels from these oils were produced and then their fatty acid methyl ester profiles and physicochemical properties were evaluated and compared with palm biodiesel. The results showed that the biodiesel produced from grape seed oil possessed the highest oxidation stability of 4.62 h. On the other hand, poor oxidation stability was observed for Philippine tung biodiesel at 2.47 h. The poor properties of Philippine tung biodiesel can be attributed to the presence of α-elaeostearic fatty acid. Furthermore, synthetic antioxidants (pyrogallol) and diesel were used to improve the oxidation stability. The 0.2 wt.% concentration of pyrogallol antioxidant could increase the oxidation stability of grape seed biodiesel to 6.24 h, while for kesambi and Philippine tung, biodiesels at higher concentrations of 0.3% and 0.4 wt.%, respectively, were needed to meet the minimum limit of 8 h. The blending of biodiesel with fossil diesel at different ratios can also increase the oxidation stability. |
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| id | doaj.art-7338890d529242268338fd223586230f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:51:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-7338890d529242268338fd223586230f2022-12-22T03:18:48ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-03-01136131910.3390/en13061319en13061319Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm OilsHwai Chyuan Ong0M. Mofijur1A.S. Silitonga2D. Gumilang3Fitranto Kusumo4T.M.I. Mahlia5School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, AustraliaSchool of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, IndonesiaSchool of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, AustraliaSchool of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, AustraliaThe production of biodiesel using vegetable oil is an effective way to meet growing energy demands, which could potentially reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate grape seed (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>), Philippine tung (<i>Reutealis trisperma</i>), and kesambi (<i>Schleichera oleosa</i>) oils as potential feedstocks for biodiesel production to meet this demand. Firstly, biodiesels from these oils were produced and then their fatty acid methyl ester profiles and physicochemical properties were evaluated and compared with palm biodiesel. The results showed that the biodiesel produced from grape seed oil possessed the highest oxidation stability of 4.62 h. On the other hand, poor oxidation stability was observed for Philippine tung biodiesel at 2.47 h. The poor properties of Philippine tung biodiesel can be attributed to the presence of α-elaeostearic fatty acid. Furthermore, synthetic antioxidants (pyrogallol) and diesel were used to improve the oxidation stability. The 0.2 wt.% concentration of pyrogallol antioxidant could increase the oxidation stability of grape seed biodiesel to 6.24 h, while for kesambi and Philippine tung, biodiesels at higher concentrations of 0.3% and 0.4 wt.%, respectively, were needed to meet the minimum limit of 8 h. The blending of biodiesel with fossil diesel at different ratios can also increase the oxidation stability.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/6/1319biodieselalternative energyantioxidantblending ratiobiofuelviscosity |
| spellingShingle | Hwai Chyuan Ong M. Mofijur A.S. Silitonga D. Gumilang Fitranto Kusumo T.M.I. Mahlia Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils Energies biodiesel alternative energy antioxidant blending ratio biofuel viscosity |
| title | Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils |
| title_full | Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils |
| title_short | Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils |
| title_sort | physicochemical properties of biodiesel synthesised from grape seed philippine tung kesambi and palm oils |
| topic | biodiesel alternative energy antioxidant blending ratio biofuel viscosity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/6/1319 |
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