Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale
Surfactant flushing with intermittent air injection, referred to as enhanced flushing, has been proposed at a site in Korea contaminated by military activity to overcome the difficulty of treatment caused by a layered geological structure. In this study, we developed a simple numerical model for exp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/316 |
| _version_ | 1797484067623534592 |
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| author | Hwan Lee Heejun Suk Jui-Sheng Chen Eungyu Park |
| author_facet | Hwan Lee Heejun Suk Jui-Sheng Chen Eungyu Park |
| author_sort | Hwan Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surfactant flushing with intermittent air injection, referred to as enhanced flushing, has been proposed at a site in Korea contaminated by military activity to overcome the difficulty of treatment caused by a layered geological structure. In this study, we developed a simple numerical model for exploring the effects of various physical and chemical processes associated with enhanced flushing on pollutant removal efficiency and applied it in a field-scale test. This simple numerical model considers only enhanced hydraulic conductivity rather than all of the interacting parameters associated with the complex chemical and physical processes related to air and surfactant behavior during enhanced flushing treatment. In the numerical experiment, the removal efficiency of residual non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) was approximately 12% greater with enhanced, rather than conventional, flushing because the hydraulic conductivity of the low-permeability layer was enhanced 5-fold, thus accelerating surfactant transport in the low-permeability layer and facilitating enhanced dissolution of residual NAPL. To test whether the enhanced flushing method is superior to conventional flushing, as observed in the field-scale test, successive soil flushing operations were simulated using the newly developed model, and the results were compared to field data. Overall, the simulation results aligned well with the field data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:57:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7339168078d24c7f85c250becbeb4aee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:57:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-7339168078d24c7f85c250becbeb4aee2023-11-23T18:09:37ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-01-0114331610.3390/w14030316Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field ScaleHwan Lee0Heejun Suk1Jui-Sheng Chen2Eungyu Park3SG Institute of Environment Science & Technology, Gunsan City 54012, KoreaKorea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, KoreaGraduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, TaiwanDepartment of Geology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, KoreaSurfactant flushing with intermittent air injection, referred to as enhanced flushing, has been proposed at a site in Korea contaminated by military activity to overcome the difficulty of treatment caused by a layered geological structure. In this study, we developed a simple numerical model for exploring the effects of various physical and chemical processes associated with enhanced flushing on pollutant removal efficiency and applied it in a field-scale test. This simple numerical model considers only enhanced hydraulic conductivity rather than all of the interacting parameters associated with the complex chemical and physical processes related to air and surfactant behavior during enhanced flushing treatment. In the numerical experiment, the removal efficiency of residual non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) was approximately 12% greater with enhanced, rather than conventional, flushing because the hydraulic conductivity of the low-permeability layer was enhanced 5-fold, thus accelerating surfactant transport in the low-permeability layer and facilitating enhanced dissolution of residual NAPL. To test whether the enhanced flushing method is superior to conventional flushing, as observed in the field-scale test, successive soil flushing operations were simulated using the newly developed model, and the results were compared to field data. Overall, the simulation results aligned well with the field data.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/316enhanced flushingresidual NAPLsimple numerical modelingenhancement of hydraulic conductivityair injection |
| spellingShingle | Hwan Lee Heejun Suk Jui-Sheng Chen Eungyu Park Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale Water enhanced flushing residual NAPL simple numerical modeling enhancement of hydraulic conductivity air injection |
| title | Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale |
| title_full | Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale |
| title_fullStr | Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale |
| title_short | Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale |
| title_sort | application of a developed numerical model for surfactant flushing combined with intermittent air injection at field scale |
| topic | enhanced flushing residual NAPL simple numerical modeling enhancement of hydraulic conductivity air injection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/316 |
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