Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride Stress
The hormonal imbalances, including abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) levels, caused by salinity constitute a key factor in hindering spikelet development in rice and in reducing rice yield. However, the effects of ABA and BRs on spikelet development in plants subjected to salinity stress...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/2/498 |
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| author | Sajid Hussain Satyabrata Nanda Muhammad Ashraf Ali Raza Siddiqui Sajid Masood Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli Muhammad Suleman Lianfeng Zhu Chunquan Zhu Xiaochuang Cao Yali Kong Qianyu Jin Junhua Zhang |
| author_facet | Sajid Hussain Satyabrata Nanda Muhammad Ashraf Ali Raza Siddiqui Sajid Masood Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli Muhammad Suleman Lianfeng Zhu Chunquan Zhu Xiaochuang Cao Yali Kong Qianyu Jin Junhua Zhang |
| author_sort | Sajid Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hormonal imbalances, including abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) levels, caused by salinity constitute a key factor in hindering spikelet development in rice and in reducing rice yield. However, the effects of ABA and BRs on spikelet development in plants subjected to salinity stress have been explored to only a limited extent. In this research, the effect of ABA and BRs on rice growth characteristics and the development of spikelets under different salinity levels were investigated. The rice seedlings were subjected to three different salt stress levels: 0.0875 dS m<sup>−1</sup> (Control, CK), low salt stress (1.878 dS m<sup>−1</sup>, LS), and heavy salt stress (4.09 dS m<sup>−1</sup>, HS). Additionally, independent (ABA or BR) and combined (ABA+BR) exogenous treatments of ABA (at 0 and 25 μM concentration) and BR (at 0 and 5 μM concentration) onto the rice seedlings were performed. The results showed that the exogenous application of ABA, BRs, and ABA+BRs triggered changes in physiological and agronomic characteristics, including photosynthesis rate (Pn), SPAD value, pollen viability, 1000-grain weight (g), and rice grain yield per plant. In addition, spikelet sterility under different salt stress levels (CK, LS, and HS) was decreased significantly through the use of both the single phytohormone and the cocktail, as compared to the controls. The outcome of this study reveals new insights about rice spikelet development in plants subjected to salt stress and the effects on this of ABA and BR. Additionally, it provides information on the use of plant hormones to improve rice yield under salt stress and on the enhancement of effective utilization of salt-affected soils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:32:30Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:32:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-73405ae7c3f445c3924cdcb4d19686fd2023-11-16T21:42:06ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-02-0113249810.3390/life13020498Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride StressSajid Hussain0Satyabrata Nanda1Muhammad Ashraf2Ali Raza Siddiqui3Sajid Masood4Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli5Muhammad Suleman6Lianfeng Zhu7Chunquan Zhu8Xiaochuang Cao9Yali Kong10Qianyu Jin11Junhua Zhang12State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaDepartment of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60700, PakistanDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Quid-E-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanDepartment of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60700, PakistanState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaSoil and Water Testing Laboratory, Marketing Division, Pak Arab Fertilizer Limited, Multan 66000, PakistanState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, ChinaThe hormonal imbalances, including abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) levels, caused by salinity constitute a key factor in hindering spikelet development in rice and in reducing rice yield. However, the effects of ABA and BRs on spikelet development in plants subjected to salinity stress have been explored to only a limited extent. In this research, the effect of ABA and BRs on rice growth characteristics and the development of spikelets under different salinity levels were investigated. The rice seedlings were subjected to three different salt stress levels: 0.0875 dS m<sup>−1</sup> (Control, CK), low salt stress (1.878 dS m<sup>−1</sup>, LS), and heavy salt stress (4.09 dS m<sup>−1</sup>, HS). Additionally, independent (ABA or BR) and combined (ABA+BR) exogenous treatments of ABA (at 0 and 25 μM concentration) and BR (at 0 and 5 μM concentration) onto the rice seedlings were performed. The results showed that the exogenous application of ABA, BRs, and ABA+BRs triggered changes in physiological and agronomic characteristics, including photosynthesis rate (Pn), SPAD value, pollen viability, 1000-grain weight (g), and rice grain yield per plant. In addition, spikelet sterility under different salt stress levels (CK, LS, and HS) was decreased significantly through the use of both the single phytohormone and the cocktail, as compared to the controls. The outcome of this study reveals new insights about rice spikelet development in plants subjected to salt stress and the effects on this of ABA and BR. Additionally, it provides information on the use of plant hormones to improve rice yield under salt stress and on the enhancement of effective utilization of salt-affected soils.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/2/498ricephytohormonesalt stressphotosynthesisSPAD valuegrain yield |
| spellingShingle | Sajid Hussain Satyabrata Nanda Muhammad Ashraf Ali Raza Siddiqui Sajid Masood Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli Muhammad Suleman Lianfeng Zhu Chunquan Zhu Xiaochuang Cao Yali Kong Qianyu Jin Junhua Zhang Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride Stress Life rice phytohormone salt stress photosynthesis SPAD value grain yield |
| title | Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride Stress |
| title_full | Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride Stress |
| title_fullStr | Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride Stress |
| title_short | Interplay Impact of Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroids (BRs) in Rice Growth, Physiology, and Resistance under Sodium Chloride Stress |
| title_sort | interplay impact of exogenous application of abscisic acid aba and brassinosteroids brs in rice growth physiology and resistance under sodium chloride stress |
| topic | rice phytohormone salt stress photosynthesis SPAD value grain yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/2/498 |
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