The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour internal biological cycles that play an important role in metabolism, and their disruption has been implicated in the development of diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. This phenomenon is ill...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Gastro Hep Advances |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772572322000309 |
| _version_ | 1817991506065096704 |
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| author | Clark Zhang Christopher Tait Carlos D. Minacapelli Abhishek Bhurwal Kapil Gupta Rajan Amin Vinod K. Rustgi |
| author_facet | Clark Zhang Christopher Tait Carlos D. Minacapelli Abhishek Bhurwal Kapil Gupta Rajan Amin Vinod K. Rustgi |
| author_sort | Clark Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Circadian rhythms are 24-hour internal biological cycles that play an important role in metabolism, and their disruption has been implicated in the development of diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. This phenomenon is illustrated by increased rates of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in night shift workers. Race, sex, and age are factors that play a role in circadian rhythms and metabolic disorders. The focus of this review article is to assess the link between circadian rhythm physiology and metabolic disorders from a race, sex, and age perspective. Black Americans were noted to have shorter free-running circadian periods, or tau, increased cortisol levels, and poorer sleep habits compared to white Americans, possibly contributing to increased rates of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Women were also noted to have shorter tau, increased levels of proinflammatory gut bacteria, and reduced sleep quality compared to men, possibly leading to higher rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension (in postmenopausal women), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Older people were noted to have decreased expression of anti-inflammatory clock genes compared to younger people, possibly leading to increased rates of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Groups that are at a higher risk for metabolic disorders such as black Americans, women, and the elderly may have internal time keeping systems that place them at a higher risk for developing abnormal hormonal and/or inflammatory pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:13:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7342057cdc224f1d932be3331d9b2585 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-5723 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:13:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gastro Hep Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-7342057cdc224f1d932be3331d9b25852022-12-22T02:20:57ZengElsevierGastro Hep Advances2772-57232022-01-0113471479The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic DisordersClark Zhang0Christopher Tait1Carlos D. Minacapelli2Abhishek Bhurwal3Kapil Gupta4Rajan Amin5Vinod K. Rustgi6Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New JerseyDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, New JerseyDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, New JerseyDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, New JerseyDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, New JerseyDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, New JerseyDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Correspondence: Address correspondence to: Vinod K. Rustgi, MD, MBA, Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, Medical Education Building, Rm # 466, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901.Circadian rhythms are 24-hour internal biological cycles that play an important role in metabolism, and their disruption has been implicated in the development of diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. This phenomenon is illustrated by increased rates of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in night shift workers. Race, sex, and age are factors that play a role in circadian rhythms and metabolic disorders. The focus of this review article is to assess the link between circadian rhythm physiology and metabolic disorders from a race, sex, and age perspective. Black Americans were noted to have shorter free-running circadian periods, or tau, increased cortisol levels, and poorer sleep habits compared to white Americans, possibly contributing to increased rates of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Women were also noted to have shorter tau, increased levels of proinflammatory gut bacteria, and reduced sleep quality compared to men, possibly leading to higher rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension (in postmenopausal women), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Older people were noted to have decreased expression of anti-inflammatory clock genes compared to younger people, possibly leading to increased rates of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Groups that are at a higher risk for metabolic disorders such as black Americans, women, and the elderly may have internal time keeping systems that place them at a higher risk for developing abnormal hormonal and/or inflammatory pathways.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772572322000309Circadian RhythmsMetabolic SyndromeObesityHypertension |
| spellingShingle | Clark Zhang Christopher Tait Carlos D. Minacapelli Abhishek Bhurwal Kapil Gupta Rajan Amin Vinod K. Rustgi The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders Gastro Hep Advances Circadian Rhythms Metabolic Syndrome Obesity Hypertension |
| title | The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders |
| title_full | The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders |
| title_short | The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders |
| title_sort | role of race sex and age in circadian disruption and metabolic disorders |
| topic | Circadian Rhythms Metabolic Syndrome Obesity Hypertension |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772572322000309 |
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