Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion Performance
Conventional heat treatment is not capable of converting a sufficient amount of retained austenite into martensite in high-carbon or high-carbon and high-alloyed iron alloys. Cryogenic treatment induces the following alterations in the microstructures: (i) a considerable reduction in the retained au...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/3/548 |
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| author | Peter Jurči Ivo Dlouhý |
| author_facet | Peter Jurči Ivo Dlouhý |
| author_sort | Peter Jurči |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conventional heat treatment is not capable of converting a sufficient amount of retained austenite into martensite in high-carbon or high-carbon and high-alloyed iron alloys. Cryogenic treatment induces the following alterations in the microstructures: (i) a considerable reduction in the retained austenite amount, (ii) formation of refined martensite coupled with an increased number of lattice defects, such as dislocations and twins, (iii) changes in the precipitation kinetics of nano-sized transient carbides during tempering, and (iv) an increase in the number of small globular carbides. These microstructural alterations are reflected in mechanical property improvements and better dimensional stability. A common consequence of cryogenic treatment is a significant increase in the wear resistance of steels. The current review deals with all of the mentioned microstructural changes as well as the variations in strength, toughness, wear performance, and corrosion resistance for a variety of iron alloys, such as carburising steels, hot work tool steels, bearing and eutectoid steels, and high-carbon and high-alloyed ledeburitic cold work tool steels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:53:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73422c8c1b454758b733c3be3f33daba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:53:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-73422c8c1b454758b733c3be3f33daba2024-02-09T15:17:03ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-01-0117354810.3390/ma17030548Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion PerformancePeter Jurči0Ivo Dlouhý1Department of Materials, Faculty of Material Sciences and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Paulinska 16, 917 24 Trnava, SlovakiaInstitute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zizkova 22, 61662 Brno, Czech RepublicConventional heat treatment is not capable of converting a sufficient amount of retained austenite into martensite in high-carbon or high-carbon and high-alloyed iron alloys. Cryogenic treatment induces the following alterations in the microstructures: (i) a considerable reduction in the retained austenite amount, (ii) formation of refined martensite coupled with an increased number of lattice defects, such as dislocations and twins, (iii) changes in the precipitation kinetics of nano-sized transient carbides during tempering, and (iv) an increase in the number of small globular carbides. These microstructural alterations are reflected in mechanical property improvements and better dimensional stability. A common consequence of cryogenic treatment is a significant increase in the wear resistance of steels. The current review deals with all of the mentioned microstructural changes as well as the variations in strength, toughness, wear performance, and corrosion resistance for a variety of iron alloys, such as carburising steels, hot work tool steels, bearing and eutectoid steels, and high-carbon and high-alloyed ledeburitic cold work tool steels.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/3/548steelsmartensiteretained austenitecryogenic treatmentcarbidesmicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Peter Jurči Ivo Dlouhý Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion Performance Materials steels martensite retained austenite cryogenic treatment carbides microstructure |
| title | Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion Performance |
| title_full | Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion Performance |
| title_fullStr | Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion Performance |
| title_short | Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion Performance |
| title_sort | cryogenic treatment of martensitic steels microstructural fundamentals and implications for mechanical properties and wear and corrosion performance |
| topic | steels martensite retained austenite cryogenic treatment carbides microstructure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/3/548 |
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