Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants
Vaccinations improve the mortality and morbidity rates associated with several infections through the generation of antigen-specific immune responses. Adjuvants are often used together with vaccines to improve immunogenicity. However, the immune responses induced by most on-going vaccines and adjuva...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/2/163 |
| _version_ | 1797407045129863168 |
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| author | Kyosuke Yakabe Jun Uchiyama Masahiro Akiyama Yun-Gi Kim |
| author_facet | Kyosuke Yakabe Jun Uchiyama Masahiro Akiyama Yun-Gi Kim |
| author_sort | Kyosuke Yakabe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccinations improve the mortality and morbidity rates associated with several infections through the generation of antigen-specific immune responses. Adjuvants are often used together with vaccines to improve immunogenicity. However, the immune responses induced by most on-going vaccines and adjuvants approved for human use vary in individuals; this is a limitation that must be overcome to improve vaccine efficacy. Several reports have indicated that the symbiotic bacteria, particularly the gut microbiota, impact vaccine-mediated antigen-specific immune responses and promote the induction of nonspecific responses via the “training” of innate immune cells. Therefore, the interaction between gut microbiota and innate immune cells should be considered to ensure the optimal immunogenicity of vaccines and adjuvants. In this review, we first introduce the current knowledge on the immunological mechanisms of vaccines and adjuvants. Subsequently, we discuss how the gut microbiota influences immunity and highlight the relationship between gut microbes and trained innate immunity, vaccines, and adjuvants. Understanding these complex interactions will provide insights into novel vaccine approaches centered on the gut microbiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:35:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73422cdd32294c25b535138b5ed394d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:35:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-73422cdd32294c25b535138b5ed394d22023-12-03T14:49:00ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-01-0113216310.3390/pharmaceutics13020163Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and AdjuvantsKyosuke Yakabe0Jun Uchiyama1Masahiro Akiyama2Yun-Gi Kim3Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, JapanResearch Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, JapanResearch Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, JapanResearch Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, JapanVaccinations improve the mortality and morbidity rates associated with several infections through the generation of antigen-specific immune responses. Adjuvants are often used together with vaccines to improve immunogenicity. However, the immune responses induced by most on-going vaccines and adjuvants approved for human use vary in individuals; this is a limitation that must be overcome to improve vaccine efficacy. Several reports have indicated that the symbiotic bacteria, particularly the gut microbiota, impact vaccine-mediated antigen-specific immune responses and promote the induction of nonspecific responses via the “training” of innate immune cells. Therefore, the interaction between gut microbiota and innate immune cells should be considered to ensure the optimal immunogenicity of vaccines and adjuvants. In this review, we first introduce the current knowledge on the immunological mechanisms of vaccines and adjuvants. Subsequently, we discuss how the gut microbiota influences immunity and highlight the relationship between gut microbes and trained innate immunity, vaccines, and adjuvants. Understanding these complex interactions will provide insights into novel vaccine approaches centered on the gut microbiota.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/2/163infectionvaccineadjuvantimmunitytrained innate immunitygut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Kyosuke Yakabe Jun Uchiyama Masahiro Akiyama Yun-Gi Kim Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants Pharmaceutics infection vaccine adjuvant immunity trained innate immunity gut microbiota |
| title | Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants |
| title_full | Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants |
| title_fullStr | Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants |
| title_short | Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants |
| title_sort | understanding host immunity and the gut microbiota inspires the new development of vaccines and adjuvants |
| topic | infection vaccine adjuvant immunity trained innate immunity gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/2/163 |
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