Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale
Lead azide (LA) is a commonly used primary explosive, the detonation growth of which is difficult to study because it is so sensitive and usually has a small charge size in applications. We used photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) and calibrated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) gauges to reveal the deton...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/3/451 |
| _version_ | 1797444779611521024 |
|---|---|
| author | Yunfei Mu Wei Zhang Ruiqi Shen Yinghua Ye |
| author_facet | Yunfei Mu Wei Zhang Ruiqi Shen Yinghua Ye |
| author_sort | Yunfei Mu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lead azide (LA) is a commonly used primary explosive, the detonation growth of which is difficult to study because it is so sensitive and usually has a small charge size in applications. We used photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) and calibrated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) gauges to reveal the detonation growth in LA, which was pressed in the confinements with controlled heights. The particle-velocity profiles, output pressure, unsteady detonation velocity, reaction time, and reaction-zone width were obtained and analyzed. Three phases of detonation propagation of LA microcharges are discussed. The volume reactions occur at the beginning of detonation in LA microcharges without forming complete shock profiles. Then the shock front is fast with a slow chemistry reaction zone, which is compressed continuously between the height of 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm. Finally, the steady detonation is built at a height of 2.5 mm. The stable detonation velocity and <i>CJ</i> pressure are 4726 ± 8 m/s and 17.12 ± 0.22 GPa. Additionally, the stable reaction zone time and width are 44 ± 7 ns and 148 ± 11 μm. The detailed detonation process has not previously been quantified in such a small geometry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:17:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-734251d1494b4eaeaf1abd5591901149 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:17:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-734251d1494b4eaeaf1abd55919011492023-11-30T21:34:22ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-03-0113345110.3390/mi13030451Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at MicroscaleYunfei Mu0Wei Zhang1Ruiqi Shen2Yinghua Ye3School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaLead azide (LA) is a commonly used primary explosive, the detonation growth of which is difficult to study because it is so sensitive and usually has a small charge size in applications. We used photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) and calibrated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) gauges to reveal the detonation growth in LA, which was pressed in the confinements with controlled heights. The particle-velocity profiles, output pressure, unsteady detonation velocity, reaction time, and reaction-zone width were obtained and analyzed. Three phases of detonation propagation of LA microcharges are discussed. The volume reactions occur at the beginning of detonation in LA microcharges without forming complete shock profiles. Then the shock front is fast with a slow chemistry reaction zone, which is compressed continuously between the height of 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm. Finally, the steady detonation is built at a height of 2.5 mm. The stable detonation velocity and <i>CJ</i> pressure are 4726 ± 8 m/s and 17.12 ± 0.22 GPa. Additionally, the stable reaction zone time and width are 44 ± 7 ns and 148 ± 11 μm. The detailed detonation process has not previously been quantified in such a small geometry.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/3/451lead azidedetonation growthphoton Doppler velocimetrypolyvinylidene fluoride gauges |
| spellingShingle | Yunfei Mu Wei Zhang Ruiqi Shen Yinghua Ye Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale Micromachines lead azide detonation growth photon Doppler velocimetry polyvinylidene fluoride gauges |
| title | Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale |
| title_full | Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale |
| title_fullStr | Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale |
| title_short | Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale |
| title_sort | observations on detonation growth of lead azide at microscale |
| topic | lead azide detonation growth photon Doppler velocimetry polyvinylidene fluoride gauges |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/3/451 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yunfeimu observationsondetonationgrowthofleadazideatmicroscale AT weizhang observationsondetonationgrowthofleadazideatmicroscale AT ruiqishen observationsondetonationgrowthofleadazideatmicroscale AT yinghuaye observationsondetonationgrowthofleadazideatmicroscale |