Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013
Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) isolates (N = 38) that were incriminated in human disease from 2006 to 2013 in South Africa were characterized by serotype, virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates...
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MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/7/424 |
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| author | Musafiri Karama Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga Mogaugedi Malahlela Anthony M. Smith Karen H. Keddy Saeed El-Ashram Lawan M. Kabiru Alan Kalake |
| author_facet | Musafiri Karama Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga Mogaugedi Malahlela Anthony M. Smith Karen H. Keddy Saeed El-Ashram Lawan M. Kabiru Alan Kalake |
| author_sort | Musafiri Karama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) isolates (N = 38) that were incriminated in human disease from 2006 to 2013 in South Africa were characterized by serotype, virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates belonged to 11 O:H serotypes. STEC O26:H11 (24%) was the most frequent serotype associated with human disease, followed by O111:H8 (16%), O157:H7 (13%) and O117:H7 (13%). The majority of isolates were positive for key virulence-associated genes including <i>stx1</i> (84%), <i>eaeA</i> (61%), <i>ehxA</i> (68.4%) and <i>espP</i> (55%), but lacked <i>stx2</i> (29%), <i>katP</i> (42%), <i>etpD</i> (16%), <i>saa</i> (16%) and <i>subA</i> (3%). <i>stx2</i> positive isolates carried <i>stx2c</i> (26%) and/or <i>stx2d</i> (26%) subtypes. All pathogenicity island encoded virulence marker genes were detected in all (100%) isolates except <i>nleA</i> (47%), <i>nleC</i> (84%) and <i>nleD</i> (76%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 89% of isolates. PFGE revealed 34 profiles with eight distinct clusters that shared ≥80% intra-serotype similarity, regardless of the year of isolation. In conclusion, STEC isolates that were implicated in human disease between 2006 and 2013 in South Africa were mainly non-O157 strains which possessed virulence genes and markers commonly associated with STEC strains that have been incriminated in mild to severe human disease worldwide. Improved STEC monitoring and surveillance programs are needed in South Africa to control and prevent STEC disease in humans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:46:11Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7358d0588f6c439c8dcc3efcccbcd3cd |
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| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:46:11Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7358d0588f6c439c8dcc3efcccbcd3cd2022-12-22T04:21:03ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-07-0111742410.3390/toxins11070424toxins11070424Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013Musafiri Karama0Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga1Mogaugedi Malahlela2Anthony M. Smith3Karen H. Keddy4Saeed El-Ashram5Lawan M. Kabiru6Alan Kalake7Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaCentre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South AfricaCentre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South AfricaCollege of Life Science and Engineering, University Foshan, Foshan 528231, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, NigeriaGauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Johannesburg 2001, South AfricaShiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) isolates (N = 38) that were incriminated in human disease from 2006 to 2013 in South Africa were characterized by serotype, virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates belonged to 11 O:H serotypes. STEC O26:H11 (24%) was the most frequent serotype associated with human disease, followed by O111:H8 (16%), O157:H7 (13%) and O117:H7 (13%). The majority of isolates were positive for key virulence-associated genes including <i>stx1</i> (84%), <i>eaeA</i> (61%), <i>ehxA</i> (68.4%) and <i>espP</i> (55%), but lacked <i>stx2</i> (29%), <i>katP</i> (42%), <i>etpD</i> (16%), <i>saa</i> (16%) and <i>subA</i> (3%). <i>stx2</i> positive isolates carried <i>stx2c</i> (26%) and/or <i>stx2d</i> (26%) subtypes. All pathogenicity island encoded virulence marker genes were detected in all (100%) isolates except <i>nleA</i> (47%), <i>nleC</i> (84%) and <i>nleD</i> (76%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 89% of isolates. PFGE revealed 34 profiles with eight distinct clusters that shared ≥80% intra-serotype similarity, regardless of the year of isolation. In conclusion, STEC isolates that were implicated in human disease between 2006 and 2013 in South Africa were mainly non-O157 strains which possessed virulence genes and markers commonly associated with STEC strains that have been incriminated in mild to severe human disease worldwide. Improved STEC monitoring and surveillance programs are needed in South Africa to control and prevent STEC disease in humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/7/424<title>Keywords</title>STEChumanvirulenceantimicrobial resistancePFGE |
| spellingShingle | Musafiri Karama Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga Mogaugedi Malahlela Anthony M. Smith Karen H. Keddy Saeed El-Ashram Lawan M. Kabiru Alan Kalake Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013 Toxins <title>Keywords</title> STEC human virulence antimicrobial resistance PFGE |
| title | Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013 |
| title_full | Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013 |
| title_fullStr | Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013 |
| title_short | Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013 |
| title_sort | virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of shiga toxin producing i escherichia i i coli i isolates from humans in south africa 2006 2013 |
| topic | <title>Keywords</title> STEC human virulence antimicrobial resistance PFGE |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/7/424 |
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