First Law Comparison of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System with an Identical Thermosyphon
The main categories of solar water heating systems (SWHSs) are the thermosyphon and the forced circulation (FC). This paper presents an experiment carried out with the aim to compare the energy performance of the FC with a thermosyphon SHWS. Identical SWHSs were installed side by side at the Univers...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/431 |
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| author | Evangelos I. Sakellariou Petros J. Axaopoulos Bill Vaneck Bot Kosmas A. Kavadias |
| author_facet | Evangelos I. Sakellariou Petros J. Axaopoulos Bill Vaneck Bot Kosmas A. Kavadias |
| author_sort | Evangelos I. Sakellariou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main categories of solar water heating systems (SWHSs) are the thermosyphon and the forced circulation (FC). This paper presents an experiment carried out with the aim to compare the energy performance of the FC with a thermosyphon SHWS. Identical SWHSs were installed side by side at the University of West Attica in Athens, Greece. Domestic hot water load was applied to both systems via a microcontroller-based dispensing unit which mimics the demand profile. The trial period comprised the last two months of spring (April and May). For the first law assessment, two energy indicators were utilized: the solar fraction (SF) and the thermal efficiency of the system (η<sub>th</sub>). On days with distinctive weather conditions, both systems obtained approximately equal SF and η<sub>th</sub> values, without a specific preference between the ambient conditions and the type of SWHS. Regarding a four-day nonstop operation, the FC overperformed the thermosyphon system at both energy indicators. Namely, for the FC and the thermosyphon SWHS, the SF was calculated to be 0.62 and 0.48, and the η<sub>th</sub> was 68.2% and 53.3%, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:02:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7361fbcdf08c4a57825a9d519bcb1dcd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:02:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-7361fbcdf08c4a57825a9d519bcb1dcd2023-11-16T15:19:04ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-12-0116143110.3390/en16010431First Law Comparison of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System with an Identical ThermosyphonEvangelos I. Sakellariou0Petros J. Axaopoulos1Bill Vaneck Bot2Kosmas A. Kavadias3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, 250, Thivon & P. Ralli Str., Campus Ancient Olive Grove, 12244 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, 250, Thivon & P. Ralli Str., Campus Ancient Olive Grove, 12244 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Energy, Materials, Modelling and Methods, Higher National Polytechnic School, University of Douala, Douala P.O. Box 2701, CameroonDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Soft Energy Applications & Environmental Protection, University of West Attica, 250, Thivon & P. Ralli Str., Campus Ancient Olive Grove, 12244 Athens, GreeceThe main categories of solar water heating systems (SWHSs) are the thermosyphon and the forced circulation (FC). This paper presents an experiment carried out with the aim to compare the energy performance of the FC with a thermosyphon SHWS. Identical SWHSs were installed side by side at the University of West Attica in Athens, Greece. Domestic hot water load was applied to both systems via a microcontroller-based dispensing unit which mimics the demand profile. The trial period comprised the last two months of spring (April and May). For the first law assessment, two energy indicators were utilized: the solar fraction (SF) and the thermal efficiency of the system (η<sub>th</sub>). On days with distinctive weather conditions, both systems obtained approximately equal SF and η<sub>th</sub> values, without a specific preference between the ambient conditions and the type of SWHS. Regarding a four-day nonstop operation, the FC overperformed the thermosyphon system at both energy indicators. Namely, for the FC and the thermosyphon SWHS, the SF was calculated to be 0.62 and 0.48, and the η<sub>th</sub> was 68.2% and 53.3%, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/431solar water heating systemsthermosyphonforce circulatedsolar fractionthermal efficiencyfirst law analysis |
| spellingShingle | Evangelos I. Sakellariou Petros J. Axaopoulos Bill Vaneck Bot Kosmas A. Kavadias First Law Comparison of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System with an Identical Thermosyphon Energies solar water heating systems thermosyphon force circulated solar fraction thermal efficiency first law analysis |
| title | First Law Comparison of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System with an Identical Thermosyphon |
| title_full | First Law Comparison of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System with an Identical Thermosyphon |
| title_fullStr | First Law Comparison of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System with an Identical Thermosyphon |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Law Comparison of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System with an Identical Thermosyphon |
| title_short | First Law Comparison of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System with an Identical Thermosyphon |
| title_sort | first law comparison of a forced circulation solar water heating system with an identical thermosyphon |
| topic | solar water heating systems thermosyphon force circulated solar fraction thermal efficiency first law analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/431 |
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