Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study
We effortlessly sort people into different racial groups from their visual appearance and implicitly generate racial bias affecting cognition and behavior. As these mental activities provide the proximate mechanisms for social behaviours, it becomes essential to understand the neural activity underl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-08-01
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| Series: | NeuroImage |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811920304250 |
| _version_ | 1811335617720614912 |
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| author | Arianna Bagnis Alessia Celeghin Matteo Diano Carlos Andres Mendez Giuliana Spadaro Cristina Onesta Mosso Alessio Avenanti Marco Tamietto |
| author_facet | Arianna Bagnis Alessia Celeghin Matteo Diano Carlos Andres Mendez Giuliana Spadaro Cristina Onesta Mosso Alessio Avenanti Marco Tamietto |
| author_sort | Arianna Bagnis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We effortlessly sort people into different racial groups from their visual appearance and implicitly generate racial bias affecting cognition and behavior. As these mental activities provide the proximate mechanisms for social behaviours, it becomes essential to understand the neural activity underlying differences between own-race and other-race visual categorization. Yet intrinsic limitations of individual neuroimaging studies, owing to reduced sample size, inclusion of multiple races, and interactions between races in the participants and in the displayed visual stimuli, dampens generalizability of results. In the present meta-analytic study, we applied multimodal techniques to partly overcome these hurdles, and we investigated the entire functional neuroimaging literature on race categorization, therefore including more than 2000 Black, White and Asian participants. Our data-driven approach shows that own- and other-race visual categorization involves partly segregated neural networks, with distinct connectivity and functional profiles, and defined hierarchical organization. Categorization of own-race mainly engages areas related to cognitive components of empathy and mentalizing, such as the medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus. These areas are functionally co-activated with cortical structures involved in auto-biographical memories and social knowledge. Conversely, other-race categorization recruits areas implicated in, and functionally connected with, visuo-attentive processing, like the fusiform gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule, and areas engaged in affective functions, like the amygdala. These results contribute to a better definition of the neural networks involved in the visual parcelling of social categories based on race, and help to situate these processes within a common neural space. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:26:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73637818784d4472be1817ae57116cdc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1095-9572 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:26:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | NeuroImage |
| spelling | doaj.art-73637818784d4472be1817ae57116cdc2022-12-22T02:37:44ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722020-08-01217116939Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic studyArianna Bagnis0Alessia Celeghin1Matteo Diano2Carlos Andres Mendez3Giuliana Spadaro4Cristina Onesta Mosso5Alessio Avenanti6Marco Tamietto7Department of Psychology, University of Torino, 10124, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, University of Torino, 10124, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, University of Torino, 10124, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, University of Torino, 10124, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsDepartment of Psychology, University of Torino, 10124, Torino, ItalyCenter for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, ChileDepartment of Psychology, University of Torino, 10124, Torino, Italy; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Corresponding author.We effortlessly sort people into different racial groups from their visual appearance and implicitly generate racial bias affecting cognition and behavior. As these mental activities provide the proximate mechanisms for social behaviours, it becomes essential to understand the neural activity underlying differences between own-race and other-race visual categorization. Yet intrinsic limitations of individual neuroimaging studies, owing to reduced sample size, inclusion of multiple races, and interactions between races in the participants and in the displayed visual stimuli, dampens generalizability of results. In the present meta-analytic study, we applied multimodal techniques to partly overcome these hurdles, and we investigated the entire functional neuroimaging literature on race categorization, therefore including more than 2000 Black, White and Asian participants. Our data-driven approach shows that own- and other-race visual categorization involves partly segregated neural networks, with distinct connectivity and functional profiles, and defined hierarchical organization. Categorization of own-race mainly engages areas related to cognitive components of empathy and mentalizing, such as the medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus. These areas are functionally co-activated with cortical structures involved in auto-biographical memories and social knowledge. Conversely, other-race categorization recruits areas implicated in, and functionally connected with, visuo-attentive processing, like the fusiform gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule, and areas engaged in affective functions, like the amygdala. These results contribute to a better definition of the neural networks involved in the visual parcelling of social categories based on race, and help to situate these processes within a common neural space.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811920304250Racial biasMeta-analysisActivation likelihood estimationFunctional decodingMeta-analytic connectivity modelingHierarchical clustering |
| spellingShingle | Arianna Bagnis Alessia Celeghin Matteo Diano Carlos Andres Mendez Giuliana Spadaro Cristina Onesta Mosso Alessio Avenanti Marco Tamietto Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study NeuroImage Racial bias Meta-analysis Activation likelihood estimation Functional decoding Meta-analytic connectivity modeling Hierarchical clustering |
| title | Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study |
| title_full | Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study |
| title_fullStr | Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study |
| title_short | Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study |
| title_sort | functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception a meta analytic study |
| topic | Racial bias Meta-analysis Activation likelihood estimation Functional decoding Meta-analytic connectivity modeling Hierarchical clustering |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811920304250 |
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