SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies
All currently approved COVID-19 vaccines utilize the spike protein as their immunogen. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) contain mutations in the spike protein, enabling them to escape infection- and vaccination-induced immune responses to cause reinfection. New vaccines are hence being research...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041185/full |
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| author | Areez Shafqat Mohamed H. Omer Omar Ahmad Mahnoor Niaz Humzah S. Abdulkader Shameel Shafqat Ali Hassan Mushtaq Abdullah Shaik Ahmed N. Elshaer Junaid Kashir Junaid Kashir Khaled Alkattan Ahmed Yaqinuddin |
| author_facet | Areez Shafqat Mohamed H. Omer Omar Ahmad Mahnoor Niaz Humzah S. Abdulkader Shameel Shafqat Ali Hassan Mushtaq Abdullah Shaik Ahmed N. Elshaer Junaid Kashir Junaid Kashir Khaled Alkattan Ahmed Yaqinuddin |
| author_sort | Areez Shafqat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | All currently approved COVID-19 vaccines utilize the spike protein as their immunogen. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) contain mutations in the spike protein, enabling them to escape infection- and vaccination-induced immune responses to cause reinfection. New vaccines are hence being researched intensively. Studying SARS-CoV-2 epitopes is essential for vaccine design, as identifying targets of broadly neutralizing antibody responses and immunodominant T-cell epitopes reveal candidates for inclusion in next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. We summarize the major studies which have reported on SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T-cell epitopes thus far. These results suggest that a future of pan-coronavirus vaccines, which not only protect against SARS-CoV-2 but numerous other coronaviruses, may be possible. The T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 have gotten less attention than neutralizing antibody epitopes but may provide new strategies to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. T-cells target many SARS-CoV-2 antigens other than spike, recognizing numerous epitopes within these antigens, thereby limiting the chance of immune escape by VOCs that mainly possess spike protein mutations. Therefore, augmenting vaccination-induced T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 may provide adequate protection despite broad antibody escape by VOCs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:15:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73668f635130418c901f222bea62e2ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:15:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-73668f635130418c901f222bea62e2ea2022-12-22T02:54:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-11-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10411851041185SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategiesAreez Shafqat0Mohamed H. Omer1Omar Ahmad2Mahnoor Niaz3Humzah S. Abdulkader4Shameel Shafqat5Ali Hassan Mushtaq6Abdullah Shaik7Ahmed N. Elshaer8Junaid Kashir9Junaid Kashir10Khaled Alkattan11Ahmed Yaqinuddin12College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United KingdomCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMedical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMedical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAll currently approved COVID-19 vaccines utilize the spike protein as their immunogen. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) contain mutations in the spike protein, enabling them to escape infection- and vaccination-induced immune responses to cause reinfection. New vaccines are hence being researched intensively. Studying SARS-CoV-2 epitopes is essential for vaccine design, as identifying targets of broadly neutralizing antibody responses and immunodominant T-cell epitopes reveal candidates for inclusion in next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. We summarize the major studies which have reported on SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T-cell epitopes thus far. These results suggest that a future of pan-coronavirus vaccines, which not only protect against SARS-CoV-2 but numerous other coronaviruses, may be possible. The T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 have gotten less attention than neutralizing antibody epitopes but may provide new strategies to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. T-cells target many SARS-CoV-2 antigens other than spike, recognizing numerous epitopes within these antigens, thereby limiting the chance of immune escape by VOCs that mainly possess spike protein mutations. Therefore, augmenting vaccination-induced T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 may provide adequate protection despite broad antibody escape by VOCs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041185/fullCOVID-19broadly neutralizing antibodiesepitopesomicronT-cells |
| spellingShingle | Areez Shafqat Mohamed H. Omer Omar Ahmad Mahnoor Niaz Humzah S. Abdulkader Shameel Shafqat Ali Hassan Mushtaq Abdullah Shaik Ahmed N. Elshaer Junaid Kashir Junaid Kashir Khaled Alkattan Ahmed Yaqinuddin SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies Frontiers in Immunology COVID-19 broadly neutralizing antibodies epitopes omicron T-cells |
| title | SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies |
| title_full | SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies |
| title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies |
| title_short | SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies |
| title_sort | sars cov 2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies |
| topic | COVID-19 broadly neutralizing antibodies epitopes omicron T-cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041185/full |
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