Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease
Background: Whether gender differences exist in late-onset of Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) is not fully understood. This study investigated demographic and pharmacological characteristics in LOAD patients to determine gender differences in LOAD patients t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/160 |
| _version_ | 1797482207947784192 |
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| author | Melissa J. Bailey-Taylor Nicolas Poupore Laurie Theriot Roley Richard L. Goodwin Brooks Mcphail Thomas I. Nathaniel |
| author_facet | Melissa J. Bailey-Taylor Nicolas Poupore Laurie Theriot Roley Richard L. Goodwin Brooks Mcphail Thomas I. Nathaniel |
| author_sort | Melissa J. Bailey-Taylor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Whether gender differences exist in late-onset of Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) is not fully understood. This study investigated demographic and pharmacological characteristics in LOAD patients to determine gender differences in LOAD patients treated with ChEIs alone and ChEIs with other medications. Methods: This 5-year retrospective data analysis included 9290 LOAD AD patients with 2949 men patients and 6341 women. Potential predictors of demographic and pharmacological characteristics associated gender differences in patients treated with and without ChEIs therapy were determined using univariate analysis, while multivariable models adjusted for demographic and pharmacological variables. Results: In the adjusted analysis, men patients with LOAD that presented with a history of alcohol use (ETOH) (OR = 1.339, 95% CI, 1.072–1.672, <i>p</i> = 0.010), treated with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) (OR = 1.271, 95% CI, 1.003–1.610, <i>p</i> = 0.047), citalopram (OR = 5.103, 95% CI, 3.423–7.607, <i>p</i> < 0.001), memantine (OR = 4.409, 95% CI, 3.704–5.249, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and buspirone (OR = 2.166, 95% CI, 1.437–3.264, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were more likely to receive ChEIs therapy, whereas older men were less likely to be treated with ChEIs therapy. Women who were African Americans (OR = 1.387, 95% CI, 1.168–1.647, <i>p</i> < 0.001), that received memantine (OR = 3.412, 95% CI, 3.034–3.837, <i>p</i> < 0.001), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) (OR = 1.143, 95% CI, 1.016–1.287, <i>p</i> = 0.026), and a history of ETOH (OR = 2.109, 95% CI, 1.724–2.580, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were more likely to receive ChEIs therapy, whereas older women were less likely to receive ChEIs therapy. Conclusion: In both men and women patients, those with increasing age were less likely to be treated with ChEI therapy, while patients treated with memantine were also likely to receive ChEI therapy. Our findings highlight the importance for clinicians to optimize ChEI in LOAD to improve treatment effectiveness and eliminate gender differences in ChEI therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:28:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73774e94ceb9413bba70edf0caafcbe9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:28:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-73774e94ceb9413bba70edf0caafcbe92023-11-23T19:02:30ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-01-0112216010.3390/brainsci12020160Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s DiseaseMelissa J. Bailey-Taylor0Nicolas Poupore1Laurie Theriot Roley2Richard L. Goodwin3Brooks Mcphail4Thomas I. Nathaniel5PRISMA Health Upstate, Greenville, SC 29605, USAUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USAPRISMA Health Upstate, Greenville, SC 29605, USAUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USAUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USAUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USABackground: Whether gender differences exist in late-onset of Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) is not fully understood. This study investigated demographic and pharmacological characteristics in LOAD patients to determine gender differences in LOAD patients treated with ChEIs alone and ChEIs with other medications. Methods: This 5-year retrospective data analysis included 9290 LOAD AD patients with 2949 men patients and 6341 women. Potential predictors of demographic and pharmacological characteristics associated gender differences in patients treated with and without ChEIs therapy were determined using univariate analysis, while multivariable models adjusted for demographic and pharmacological variables. Results: In the adjusted analysis, men patients with LOAD that presented with a history of alcohol use (ETOH) (OR = 1.339, 95% CI, 1.072–1.672, <i>p</i> = 0.010), treated with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) (OR = 1.271, 95% CI, 1.003–1.610, <i>p</i> = 0.047), citalopram (OR = 5.103, 95% CI, 3.423–7.607, <i>p</i> < 0.001), memantine (OR = 4.409, 95% CI, 3.704–5.249, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and buspirone (OR = 2.166, 95% CI, 1.437–3.264, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were more likely to receive ChEIs therapy, whereas older men were less likely to be treated with ChEIs therapy. Women who were African Americans (OR = 1.387, 95% CI, 1.168–1.647, <i>p</i> < 0.001), that received memantine (OR = 3.412, 95% CI, 3.034–3.837, <i>p</i> < 0.001), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) (OR = 1.143, 95% CI, 1.016–1.287, <i>p</i> = 0.026), and a history of ETOH (OR = 2.109, 95% CI, 1.724–2.580, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were more likely to receive ChEIs therapy, whereas older women were less likely to receive ChEIs therapy. Conclusion: In both men and women patients, those with increasing age were less likely to be treated with ChEI therapy, while patients treated with memantine were also likely to receive ChEI therapy. Our findings highlight the importance for clinicians to optimize ChEI in LOAD to improve treatment effectiveness and eliminate gender differences in ChEI therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/160cholinesterase inhibitorsearly-onset Alzheimer’s diseaselate-onset Alzheimer’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Melissa J. Bailey-Taylor Nicolas Poupore Laurie Theriot Roley Richard L. Goodwin Brooks Mcphail Thomas I. Nathaniel Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Sciences cholinesterase inhibitors early-onset Alzheimer’s disease late-onset Alzheimer’s disease |
| title | Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full | Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_short | Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_sort | gender differences in demographic and pharmacological factors in patients diagnosed with late onset of alzheimer s disease |
| topic | cholinesterase inhibitors early-onset Alzheimer’s disease late-onset Alzheimer’s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/160 |
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