Interactions between Tumor Cells, Neurons, and Microglia in the Glioma Microenvironment
Despite significant strides made in understanding the pathophysiology of high-grade gliomas over the past two decades, most patients succumb to these neoplasias within two years of diagnosis. Furthermore, there are various co-morbidities associated with glioma and standard of care treatments. Emergi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8476 |
| _version_ | 1797548269806551040 |
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| author | Daniel P. Radin Stella E. Tsirka |
| author_facet | Daniel P. Radin Stella E. Tsirka |
| author_sort | Daniel P. Radin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite significant strides made in understanding the pathophysiology of high-grade gliomas over the past two decades, most patients succumb to these neoplasias within two years of diagnosis. Furthermore, there are various co-morbidities associated with glioma and standard of care treatments. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant glutamate secretion in the glioma microenvironment promotes tumor progression and contributes to the development of co-morbidities, such as cognitive defects, epilepsy, and widespread neurodegeneration. Recent data clearly illustrate that neurons directly synapse onto glioma cells and drive their proliferation and spread via glutamatergic action. Microglia are central nervous system-resident myeloid cells, modulate glioma growth, and possess the capacity to prune synapses and encourage synapse formation. However, current literature has yet to investigate the potential role of microglia in shaping synapse formation between neurons and glioma cells. Herein, we present the literature concerning glutamate’s role in glioma progression, involving hyperexcitability and excitotoxic cell death of peritumoral neurons and stimulation of glioma proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss instances in which microglia are more likely to sculpt or encourage synapse formation during glioma treatment and propose studies to delineate the role of microglia in synapse formation between neurons and glioma cells. The sex-dependent oncogenic or oncolytic actions of microglia and myeloid cells, in general, are considered in addition to the functional differences between microglia and macrophages in tumor progression. We also put forth tractable methods to safely perturb aberrant glutamatergic action in the tumor microenvironment without significantly increasing the toxicities of the standard of care therapies for glioma therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:56:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-737f370a881d4684a42a2165e573194a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:56:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-737f370a881d4684a42a2165e573194a2023-11-20T20:33:01ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012122847610.3390/ijms21228476Interactions between Tumor Cells, Neurons, and Microglia in the Glioma MicroenvironmentDaniel P. Radin0Stella E. Tsirka1Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-8651, USAStony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-8651, USADespite significant strides made in understanding the pathophysiology of high-grade gliomas over the past two decades, most patients succumb to these neoplasias within two years of diagnosis. Furthermore, there are various co-morbidities associated with glioma and standard of care treatments. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant glutamate secretion in the glioma microenvironment promotes tumor progression and contributes to the development of co-morbidities, such as cognitive defects, epilepsy, and widespread neurodegeneration. Recent data clearly illustrate that neurons directly synapse onto glioma cells and drive their proliferation and spread via glutamatergic action. Microglia are central nervous system-resident myeloid cells, modulate glioma growth, and possess the capacity to prune synapses and encourage synapse formation. However, current literature has yet to investigate the potential role of microglia in shaping synapse formation between neurons and glioma cells. Herein, we present the literature concerning glutamate’s role in glioma progression, involving hyperexcitability and excitotoxic cell death of peritumoral neurons and stimulation of glioma proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss instances in which microglia are more likely to sculpt or encourage synapse formation during glioma treatment and propose studies to delineate the role of microglia in synapse formation between neurons and glioma cells. The sex-dependent oncogenic or oncolytic actions of microglia and myeloid cells, in general, are considered in addition to the functional differences between microglia and macrophages in tumor progression. We also put forth tractable methods to safely perturb aberrant glutamatergic action in the tumor microenvironment without significantly increasing the toxicities of the standard of care therapies for glioma therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8476AMPA receptorCSF1Rgliomamicroglia |
| spellingShingle | Daniel P. Radin Stella E. Tsirka Interactions between Tumor Cells, Neurons, and Microglia in the Glioma Microenvironment International Journal of Molecular Sciences AMPA receptor CSF1R glioma microglia |
| title | Interactions between Tumor Cells, Neurons, and Microglia in the Glioma Microenvironment |
| title_full | Interactions between Tumor Cells, Neurons, and Microglia in the Glioma Microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | Interactions between Tumor Cells, Neurons, and Microglia in the Glioma Microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interactions between Tumor Cells, Neurons, and Microglia in the Glioma Microenvironment |
| title_short | Interactions between Tumor Cells, Neurons, and Microglia in the Glioma Microenvironment |
| title_sort | interactions between tumor cells neurons and microglia in the glioma microenvironment |
| topic | AMPA receptor CSF1R glioma microglia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8476 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielpradin interactionsbetweentumorcellsneuronsandmicrogliainthegliomamicroenvironment AT stellaetsirka interactionsbetweentumorcellsneuronsandmicrogliainthegliomamicroenvironment |