The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021
<p>Aviation emissions that are dispersed into the Earth's atmosphere affect the climate and air pollution, with significant spatiotemporal variation owing to heterogeneous aircraft activity. In this paper, we use historical flight trajectories derived from Automatic Dependent Surveillance...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/725/2024/acp-24-725-2024.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827379301729697792 |
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| author | R. Teoh Z. Engberg M. Shapiro L. Dray M. E. J. Stettler |
| author_facet | R. Teoh Z. Engberg M. Shapiro L. Dray M. E. J. Stettler |
| author_sort | R. Teoh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Aviation emissions that are dispersed into the Earth's atmosphere affect the climate and air pollution, with significant spatiotemporal variation owing to heterogeneous aircraft activity. In this paper, we use historical flight trajectories derived from Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) telemetry and reanalysis weather data for 2019–2021 to develop the Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA). In 2019, 40.2 million flights collectively travelled 61 billion kilometres using 283 Tg of fuel, leading to CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>X</i></sub></span> and non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) mass and number emissions of 893 Tg, 4.49 Tg, 21.4 Gg and 2.8 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>26</sup></span> respectively. Global responses to COVID-19 led to reductions in the annual flight distance flown and CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>X</i></sub></span> emissions in 2020 (<span class="inline-formula">−</span>43 %, <span class="inline-formula">−</span>48 % and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>50 % respectively relative to 2019) and 2021 (<span class="inline-formula">−</span>31 %, <span class="inline-formula">−</span>41 % and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>43 % respectively), with significant regional variability. Short-haul flights with durations <span class="inline-formula"><i><</i></span> 3 h accounted for 83 % of all flights but only for 35 % of the 2019 CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions, while long-haul flights with durations <span class="inline-formula"><i>></i></span> 6 h (5 % of all flights) were responsible for 43 % of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and 49 % of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>X</i></sub></span> emissions. Globally, the actual flight trajectories flown are, on average, <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 5 % greater than the great circle path between the origin and destination airports, but this varies by region and flight distance. An evaluation of 8705 unique flights between London and Singapore showed large variabilities in the flight trajectory profile, fuel consumption and emission indices. GAIA captures the spatiotemporal distribution of aviation activity and emissions and is provided for use in future studies to evaluate the negative externalities arising from global aviation.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:13:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73896431b27c401fa4cb8c0cf98df9c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:13:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-73896431b27c401fa4cb8c0cf98df9c32024-01-18T11:04:10ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242024-01-012472574410.5194/acp-24-725-2024The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021R. Teoh0Z. Engberg1M. Shapiro2L. Dray3M. E. J. Stettler4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UKBreakthrough Energy, 4110 Carillon Point, Kirkland, WA 98033, USABreakthrough Energy, 4110 Carillon Point, Kirkland, WA 98033, USAAir Transportation Systems Laboratory, School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UKDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK<p>Aviation emissions that are dispersed into the Earth's atmosphere affect the climate and air pollution, with significant spatiotemporal variation owing to heterogeneous aircraft activity. In this paper, we use historical flight trajectories derived from Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) telemetry and reanalysis weather data for 2019–2021 to develop the Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA). In 2019, 40.2 million flights collectively travelled 61 billion kilometres using 283 Tg of fuel, leading to CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>X</i></sub></span> and non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) mass and number emissions of 893 Tg, 4.49 Tg, 21.4 Gg and 2.8 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>26</sup></span> respectively. Global responses to COVID-19 led to reductions in the annual flight distance flown and CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>X</i></sub></span> emissions in 2020 (<span class="inline-formula">−</span>43 %, <span class="inline-formula">−</span>48 % and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>50 % respectively relative to 2019) and 2021 (<span class="inline-formula">−</span>31 %, <span class="inline-formula">−</span>41 % and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>43 % respectively), with significant regional variability. Short-haul flights with durations <span class="inline-formula"><i><</i></span> 3 h accounted for 83 % of all flights but only for 35 % of the 2019 CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions, while long-haul flights with durations <span class="inline-formula"><i>></i></span> 6 h (5 % of all flights) were responsible for 43 % of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and 49 % of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>X</i></sub></span> emissions. Globally, the actual flight trajectories flown are, on average, <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 5 % greater than the great circle path between the origin and destination airports, but this varies by region and flight distance. An evaluation of 8705 unique flights between London and Singapore showed large variabilities in the flight trajectory profile, fuel consumption and emission indices. GAIA captures the spatiotemporal distribution of aviation activity and emissions and is provided for use in future studies to evaluate the negative externalities arising from global aviation.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/725/2024/acp-24-725-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | R. Teoh Z. Engberg M. Shapiro L. Dray M. E. J. Stettler The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021 |
| title_full | The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021 |
| title_fullStr | The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021 |
| title_short | The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021 |
| title_sort | high resolution global aviation emissions inventory based on ads b gaia for 2019 2021 |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/725/2024/acp-24-725-2024.pdf |
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