Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for Determination and Quantification of Biomarker CA 15-3 in Biological Specimens
A disposable voltammetric immunosensor was developed to measure breast cancer biomarker 15-3 (CA 15-3) in human saliva and serum samples. Screen-printed paper-based electrodes (f-SPE) previously fabricated by our research group using homemade conductive inks were used as transducers, which were late...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Analytica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/5/1/5 |
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| author | Ana Elisa F. Oliveira Arnaldo César Pereira Mayra A. C. Resende Lucas Franco Ferreira |
| author_facet | Ana Elisa F. Oliveira Arnaldo César Pereira Mayra A. C. Resende Lucas Franco Ferreira |
| author_sort | Ana Elisa F. Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A disposable voltammetric immunosensor was developed to measure breast cancer biomarker 15-3 (CA 15-3) in human saliva and serum samples. Screen-printed paper-based electrodes (f-SPE) previously fabricated by our research group using homemade conductive inks were used as transducers, which were later modified only with gold nanoparticles to immobilize anti-CA 15-3 antibodies. The sensor was operated using antigen–antibody interactions in conjunction with a redox species (ferrocyanide potassium) for the indirect determination of the CA 15-3 antigen. The device characterization involved atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical analysis. Optimization of the construction and response of the immunosensor was achieved at incubation times of 6 h for anti-CA 15-3, 1 h for bovine serum albumin, and 1 h for interaction with CA 15-3. The sensor displays a linear range between 2 and 16 U/mL, with a sensitivity of 0.012 μA/U mL<sup>−1</sup>, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.56 U/mL, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.88 U/mL. The interfering substances minimally affected the signal, with 4.94% response variation, and the reproducibility of the immunosensor demonstrated a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.65%. The sensor successfully determined the CA 15-3 concentration in human serum and saliva, demonstrating its potential for clinical analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:37:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7389b59645924590b32b2a292827e7b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4532 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:37:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Analytica |
| spelling | doaj.art-7389b59645924590b32b2a292827e7b12024-03-27T13:17:30ZengMDPI AGAnalytica2673-45322024-02-0151748910.3390/analytica5010005Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for Determination and Quantification of Biomarker CA 15-3 in Biological SpecimensAna Elisa F. Oliveira0Arnaldo César Pereira1Mayra A. C. Resende2Lucas Franco Ferreira3Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei 36307-352, MG, BrazilDepartment of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei 36307-352, MG, BrazilDepartment of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei 36307-352, MG, BrazilInstitute of Science and Technology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, BrazilA disposable voltammetric immunosensor was developed to measure breast cancer biomarker 15-3 (CA 15-3) in human saliva and serum samples. Screen-printed paper-based electrodes (f-SPE) previously fabricated by our research group using homemade conductive inks were used as transducers, which were later modified only with gold nanoparticles to immobilize anti-CA 15-3 antibodies. The sensor was operated using antigen–antibody interactions in conjunction with a redox species (ferrocyanide potassium) for the indirect determination of the CA 15-3 antigen. The device characterization involved atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical analysis. Optimization of the construction and response of the immunosensor was achieved at incubation times of 6 h for anti-CA 15-3, 1 h for bovine serum albumin, and 1 h for interaction with CA 15-3. The sensor displays a linear range between 2 and 16 U/mL, with a sensitivity of 0.012 μA/U mL<sup>−1</sup>, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.56 U/mL, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.88 U/mL. The interfering substances minimally affected the signal, with 4.94% response variation, and the reproducibility of the immunosensor demonstrated a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.65%. The sensor successfully determined the CA 15-3 concentration in human serum and saliva, demonstrating its potential for clinical analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/5/1/5CA 15-3breast cancervoltammetric immunosensorscreen-printed electrodebiomarker determination |
| spellingShingle | Ana Elisa F. Oliveira Arnaldo César Pereira Mayra A. C. Resende Lucas Franco Ferreira Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for Determination and Quantification of Biomarker CA 15-3 in Biological Specimens Analytica CA 15-3 breast cancer voltammetric immunosensor screen-printed electrode biomarker determination |
| title | Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for Determination and Quantification of Biomarker CA 15-3 in Biological Specimens |
| title_full | Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for Determination and Quantification of Biomarker CA 15-3 in Biological Specimens |
| title_fullStr | Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for Determination and Quantification of Biomarker CA 15-3 in Biological Specimens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for Determination and Quantification of Biomarker CA 15-3 in Biological Specimens |
| title_short | Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for Determination and Quantification of Biomarker CA 15-3 in Biological Specimens |
| title_sort | disposable voltammetric immunosensor for determination and quantification of biomarker ca 15 3 in biological specimens |
| topic | CA 15-3 breast cancer voltammetric immunosensor screen-printed electrode biomarker determination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/5/1/5 |
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