A 20–80 MHz Continuously Tunable Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low Power WBAN Receiver Front-End
This paper presents a third-order Butterworth low-pass filter (LPF) with continuously tuning capability to be used in the receiver front-end for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). To realize the bandwidth tuning for multi-standard operation in WBAN receivers with ultra-low power consumption and mini...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2021-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9615069/ |
| _version_ | 1818835345027891200 |
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| author | Xiaoying Wang Chirn Chye Boon Kaituo Yang Lingshan Kong |
| author_facet | Xiaoying Wang Chirn Chye Boon Kaituo Yang Lingshan Kong |
| author_sort | Xiaoying Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a third-order Butterworth low-pass filter (LPF) with continuously tuning capability to be used in the receiver front-end for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). To realize the bandwidth tuning for multi-standard operation in WBAN receivers with ultra-low power consumption and minimized area, a novel transconductor-capacitor (Gm-C) filter is proposed. The proposed transconductor core uses an additional gain stage with regulated cascode structure to control the transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) by tuning the drain-source voltage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{ds}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the input transistors operating in linear region. Based on fundamental analysis, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{ds}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> should be reduced to attenuate the nonlinear effects caused by higher-order harmonic components. This proposed transconductor circuit enables the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tuning and widens the tuning range while maintaining good linearity with negligible power and area consumption. This work is then implemented into a third-order Butterworth LPF. Measurements show that with external control voltage varying from 450 mV to 550 mV, the cutoff frequency of the LPF can be continuously adjusted from 20 MHz to 80 MHz. This design is implemented in 40 nm CMOS process with 1.1 V supply voltage. The total power consumption of this work is below 2 mW with an active area of 0.0105 mm<sup>2</sup>. Its low power consumption and good area efficiency makes this LPF suitable for WBAN applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T02:49:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-738abbd42c8445739bb098374848fff8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T02:49:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-738abbd42c8445739bb098374848fff82022-12-21T20:38:44ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362021-01-01915413615414210.1109/ACCESS.2021.31281549615069A 20–80 MHz Continuously Tunable Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low Power WBAN Receiver Front-EndXiaoying Wang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-4958Chirn Chye Boon1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-6232Kaituo Yang2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-2013Lingshan Kong3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-3704CICS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeCICS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeCICS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeCICS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeThis paper presents a third-order Butterworth low-pass filter (LPF) with continuously tuning capability to be used in the receiver front-end for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). To realize the bandwidth tuning for multi-standard operation in WBAN receivers with ultra-low power consumption and minimized area, a novel transconductor-capacitor (Gm-C) filter is proposed. The proposed transconductor core uses an additional gain stage with regulated cascode structure to control the transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) by tuning the drain-source voltage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{ds}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the input transistors operating in linear region. Based on fundamental analysis, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{ds}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> should be reduced to attenuate the nonlinear effects caused by higher-order harmonic components. This proposed transconductor circuit enables the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tuning and widens the tuning range while maintaining good linearity with negligible power and area consumption. This work is then implemented into a third-order Butterworth LPF. Measurements show that with external control voltage varying from 450 mV to 550 mV, the cutoff frequency of the LPF can be continuously adjusted from 20 MHz to 80 MHz. This design is implemented in 40 nm CMOS process with 1.1 V supply voltage. The total power consumption of this work is below 2 mW with an active area of 0.0105 mm<sup>2</sup>. Its low power consumption and good area efficiency makes this LPF suitable for WBAN applications.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9615069/CMOS low-pass filter (LPF)Gm-Cultra-low powerButterworth filterwireless body area network (WBAN) |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoying Wang Chirn Chye Boon Kaituo Yang Lingshan Kong A 20–80 MHz Continuously Tunable Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low Power WBAN Receiver Front-End IEEE Access CMOS low-pass filter (LPF) Gm-C ultra-low power Butterworth filter wireless body area network (WBAN) |
| title | A 20–80 MHz Continuously Tunable Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low Power WBAN Receiver Front-End |
| title_full | A 20–80 MHz Continuously Tunable Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low Power WBAN Receiver Front-End |
| title_fullStr | A 20–80 MHz Continuously Tunable Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low Power WBAN Receiver Front-End |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 20–80 MHz Continuously Tunable Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low Power WBAN Receiver Front-End |
| title_short | A 20–80 MHz Continuously Tunable Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low Power WBAN Receiver Front-End |
| title_sort | 20 x2013 80 mhz continuously tunable gm c low pass filter for ultra low power wban receiver front end |
| topic | CMOS low-pass filter (LPF) Gm-C ultra-low power Butterworth filter wireless body area network (WBAN) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9615069/ |
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