Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/12/1534 |
| _version_ | 1797506873212010496 |
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| author | Patrizia Ferraboschi Samuele Ciceri Paride Grisenti |
| author_facet | Patrizia Ferraboschi Samuele Ciceri Paride Grisenti |
| author_sort | Patrizia Ferraboschi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:38:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73915dc4bd3d49efbae464ee4e998d74 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:38:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-73915dc4bd3d49efbae464ee4e998d742023-11-23T03:31:21ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-12-011012153410.3390/antibiotics10121534Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative AntibioticPatrizia Ferraboschi0Samuele Ciceri1Paride Grisenti2Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, ItalyBioseutica BV, Corso Elvezia 4, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandLysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/12/1534innate immunitypeptidoglycanGram-positiveGram-negativeantimicrobialmuramidase |
| spellingShingle | Patrizia Ferraboschi Samuele Ciceri Paride Grisenti Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic Antibiotics innate immunity peptidoglycan Gram-positive Gram-negative antimicrobial muramidase |
| title | Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic |
| title_full | Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic |
| title_fullStr | Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic |
| title_short | Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic |
| title_sort | applications of lysozyme an innate immune defense factor as an alternative antibiotic |
| topic | innate immunity peptidoglycan Gram-positive Gram-negative antimicrobial muramidase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/12/1534 |
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