Role of Essential Amino Acids in Age-Induced Bone Loss
Age-induced osteoporosis is a global problem. Essential amino acids (EAAs) work as an energy source and a molecular pathway modulator in bone, but their functions have not been systematically reviewed in aging bone. This study aimed to discuss the contribution of EAAs on aging bone from in vitro, in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11281 |
| _version_ | 1797479116006490112 |
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| author | Ziquan Lv Wenbiao Shi Qian Zhang |
| author_facet | Ziquan Lv Wenbiao Shi Qian Zhang |
| author_sort | Ziquan Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Age-induced osteoporosis is a global problem. Essential amino acids (EAAs) work as an energy source and a molecular pathway modulator in bone, but their functions have not been systematically reviewed in aging bone. This study aimed to discuss the contribution of EAAs on aging bone from in vitro, in vivo, and human investigations. In aged people with osteoporosis, serum EAAs were detected changing up and down, without a well-established conclusion. The supply of EAAs in aged people either rescued or did not affect bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume. In most signaling studies, EAAs were proven to increase bone mass. Lysine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, and isoleucine can increase osteoblast proliferation, activation, and differentiation, and decrease osteoclast activity. Oxidized L-tryptophan promotes bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) differentiating into osteoblasts. However, the oxidation product of tryptophan called kynurenine increases osteoclast activity, and enhances the differentiation of adipocytes from BMSCs. Taken together, in terms of bone minerals and volume, more views consider EAAs to have a positive effect on aging bone, but the function of EAAs in bone metabolism has not been fully demonstrated and more studies are needed in this area in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:41:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-73980cc5461a417d9e95145238087739 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:41:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-73980cc5461a417d9e951452380877392023-11-23T20:30:25ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123191128110.3390/ijms231911281Role of Essential Amino Acids in Age-Induced Bone LossZiquan Lv0Wenbiao Shi1Qian Zhang2Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaAge-induced osteoporosis is a global problem. Essential amino acids (EAAs) work as an energy source and a molecular pathway modulator in bone, but their functions have not been systematically reviewed in aging bone. This study aimed to discuss the contribution of EAAs on aging bone from in vitro, in vivo, and human investigations. In aged people with osteoporosis, serum EAAs were detected changing up and down, without a well-established conclusion. The supply of EAAs in aged people either rescued or did not affect bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume. In most signaling studies, EAAs were proven to increase bone mass. Lysine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, and isoleucine can increase osteoblast proliferation, activation, and differentiation, and decrease osteoclast activity. Oxidized L-tryptophan promotes bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) differentiating into osteoblasts. However, the oxidation product of tryptophan called kynurenine increases osteoclast activity, and enhances the differentiation of adipocytes from BMSCs. Taken together, in terms of bone minerals and volume, more views consider EAAs to have a positive effect on aging bone, but the function of EAAs in bone metabolism has not been fully demonstrated and more studies are needed in this area in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11281essential amino acidsbone massbone mineral densityaging |
| spellingShingle | Ziquan Lv Wenbiao Shi Qian Zhang Role of Essential Amino Acids in Age-Induced Bone Loss International Journal of Molecular Sciences essential amino acids bone mass bone mineral density aging |
| title | Role of Essential Amino Acids in Age-Induced Bone Loss |
| title_full | Role of Essential Amino Acids in Age-Induced Bone Loss |
| title_fullStr | Role of Essential Amino Acids in Age-Induced Bone Loss |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Essential Amino Acids in Age-Induced Bone Loss |
| title_short | Role of Essential Amino Acids in Age-Induced Bone Loss |
| title_sort | role of essential amino acids in age induced bone loss |
| topic | essential amino acids bone mass bone mineral density aging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11281 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ziquanlv roleofessentialaminoacidsinageinducedboneloss AT wenbiaoshi roleofessentialaminoacidsinageinducedboneloss AT qianzhang roleofessentialaminoacidsinageinducedboneloss |